The Economist calculates that around the world almost 2-找考题网

未分类题A set of genes play a role in learning to read and do math, but this ability is not just gene-driven,【C1】______schooling and help from parents are also vital【C2】______. Early mathematical ability and literacy are known to【C3】______in some families, but the genes【C4】______affect this have until now been【C5】______unknown. Scientists looked into a data pool called the Twins Early Development Study, which【C6】______12-year-olds from nearly 2,800 British families. The team compared twins and【C7】______children to see how they【C8】______in tests for maths and reading comprehension, and then matched the childrens genomes. Between 10 percent and half of the genes involved in reading were also involved in math, they found, and tiny variants in these【C9】______genes influence skill level. 【C10】______its also clear how important our life experience is in making us better at one or the other. Its this complex【C11】______of nature and nurture as we grow up【C12】______shapes who we are. Professor Robert Plomin said the study was the first to estimate the【C13】______from DNA alone on learning ability. But, he stressed, the genetic variants that were identified were not【C14】______'literacy or numeracy' genes. 【C15】______they formed part of a more complex mechanism in which many genes each【C16】______a small, but combined, effect on learning ability. 'Children differ【C17】______in how easy or difficult they find learning, and we need to recognize and【C18】______these individual differences,' said Plomin. 'Heritability does not【C19】______that anything is set in stone—it just means it may take more effort from parents, schools and teachers to【C20】______the child up to speed.'【C1】A．asB．soC．thoughD．if

未分类题Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution, stating, 'I was told that the most frequently given grade at Harvard right now is an A-.' A recent【C1】______of 200 colleges and universities also found that more than 40 percent of all grades awarded were in the A range. Some argue that these inflated grades are【C2】______for the competitive job market, but at the national level it is a negative-sum game that【C3】______serious costs on society. Because grades are【C4】______at A or A+, grade inflation results in a greater concentration of students at the【C5】______of the distribution. This【C6】______of grades diminishes their value as a(n) 【C7】______of student abilities. There is also evidence that【C8】______grading reduces student effort. As giving low grades puts students at a disadvantage【C9】______to their peers, professors face strong【C10】______to award inflated grades. 【C11】______universities need to take steps to bring it under【C12】______. Recently, some universities have experimented with【C13】______information about the grade distribution for each course either online or on student transcripts. So, if employers are aware that grades in a particular course were high, they might be less【C14】______with the students who earned those grades. Thus, students might seek out tougher courses,【C15】______professors to offer such courses in【C16】______. The administration of Princeton issued a【C17】______that no more than 35 percent of grades awarded in undergraduate courses should be in the A range. These steps may not be【C18】______with students and professors, but its necessary to prevent higher education from【C19】______into Lake Wobegon— 'where... all the children are above【C20】______.'【C1】A．suggestionB．subjectC．studyD．opinion

未分类题Everyone knows that too much time in the sun can expose you to excessive ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to skin cancers.【C1】______thats not going to stop people from cooking themselves【C2】______the perfect tan. The problem has become an【C3】______: more than 3.5 million skin cancers in over 2 million people diagnosed annually in the U.S. 【C4】______our sun-worshipping ways, scientists and the skin-care industry are working hard to 【C5】______out the safest way to tan. A handful of wearable products have【C6】______made it to market that alert wearers of UV radiation【C7】______—they tell you youre about to【C8】______before you can see it. The simplest might be Smartsun wristband, which alerts wearers of UV overexposure with just a【C9】______of color. It starts【C10】______as yellowish-brown when first exposed to UV rays; when it【C11】______pink, thats the warning to seek【C12】______and slather on sunscreen. If you prefer something a little more【C13】______, try the UVeBand, which vibrates when youve had your share of UV rays. Then theres the JUNE, developed and recently【C14】______by Netatmo. The JUNE has UV sensors built into a fake jewel that connect wirelessly to a smartphone, where an app monitors UV【C15】______in real time, alerting when its time to get out of the sun. It also【C16】______your radiation exposure over time,【C17】______you can see how bad your summer has been for your skin, long term. All of these products are designed to help wearers【C18】______their sun time. But none have been reviewed or【C19】______by any health regulatory body, which raises some【C20】______.【C1】A．SinceB．ButC．ThusD．And

未分类题The more parents talk to their children, the faster those childrens vocabularies grow and the better their intelligence develops. In 1995, Betty Hart and Todd Risley of the University of Kansas found a close【C1】______between the number of words a childs parents had spoken to him【C2】______the time he was three and his【C3】______success at the age of nine. At three, children born into professional families had【C4】______30m more words than those from a poorer background. This observation has profound【C5】______for policies about babies and their parents. It sug gests that sending children to 'pre-school'(【C6】______or kindergartens)at the age of four—a favored【C7】______among policymakers—comes too late to【C8】______for educational shortcomings at home.【C9】______, understanding of how childrens vocabularies develop is growing. One of the most striking【C10】______came from Anne Fernald, who has found that the difference【C11】______well before a child is three. Even at the【C12】______age of 18 months, when most toddlers speak only a dozen words, those from【C13】______families are several months behind other more favored children.【C14】______, Dr Fernald thinks the differentiation starts at birth. She【C15】______how quickly toddlers process language by sitting them on their mothers laps and showing them two images; a dog and a ball. A recorded voice tells the toddler to look at the ball while a camera records his【C16】______. This lets Dr Fernald【C17】______the moment the childs gaze begins【C18】______towards the correct image. At 18 months, toddlers from【C19】______backgrounds can identify the correct object in 750 milliseconds—200 milliseconds faster than those from poorer families. This, says Dr Fernald, is a【C20】______difference.【C1】A．conflictB．correlationC．gapD．difference

未分类题Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has【C1】______economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of【C2】______. No wonder mankind has taken to the vehicle with such【C3】______that there are now a billion automobiles on the worlds roads. 【C4】______the car has also brought many【C5】______. It pollutes the air, creates crowding and kills people. An【C6】______1.24m people die, and as many as 50m are hurt, in road accidents each year. Drivers and【C7】______waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. Fortunately, an【C8】______technology promises to make motoring more【C9】______less polluting and less【C10】______to hold-ups. 'Connected cars'—which may eventually evolve into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the【C11】______—can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic-management systems, avoid【C12】______and other vehicles and find open parking spots. Some parts of the【C13】______are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them maintain their distance and stay in a motorway lane automatically at a range of speeds, and【C14】______a parking space and slot into it Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls to【C15】______traffic flows during rush-hours; Britain is【C16】______'smart motorways', whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a similar effect. Combined, these【C17】______could create a much more efficient system in which cars and their drivers are constantly【C18】______to hazards and routed around blockages, traffic always flows at the【C19】______speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of【C20】______.【C1】A．boostedB．gainedC．restrainedD．reflected

未分类题Insomniacs(someone who cannot sleep easily)dont just suffer at night. During the day, they often feel sleepy, have trouble concentrating and report greater difficulty with work or school performance than individuals who get adequate sleep. But researchers are intrigued by an apparent【C1】______: Despite what insomnia patients experience subjectively, they often seem able to【C2】______cognitive tasks as well as people getting adequate sleep. One【C3】______is that insomnia doesnt lead to【C4】______performance after all—maybe it just feels that way. Using brain imaging technology, researchers【C5】______25 people with insomnia and 25 normal sleepers as they performed an eight-minute working-memory task【C6】______the processing and storing of short-term memory. As the exercises became more difficult, the people who sleep【C7】______had increased activity in parts of the brain【C8】______the insomnia subjects didnt. And the poor sleepers couldnt turn off the brains 'mind wandering' regions, also known as the '【C9】______mode' network, located generally【C10】______the brains midline. These regions are ordinarily active when a person isnt【C11】______in goal-directed behavior. and they are【C12】______when the person switches to a task. The more the insomnia patients subjectively reported【C13】______and difficulty concentrating, and the【C14】______they subjectively reported performing their task, the greater was their【C15】______to turn off the mind wandering regions, as measured by the MRI. 'Theres no doubt that whats going on in the brain could be measured as less【C16】______,' experts said. More research is needed to understand how insomnia patients were able to【C17】______and perform. the tasks equally well despite the apparent【C18】______in brain activity. The ultimate goal of this kind of research is to【C19】______the environmental and genetic causes of insomnia and develop【C20】______treatments.【C1】A．agreementB．attentionC．contradictionD．contact

未分类题A war on sugar has begun in the UK that echoes the nations successful campaign against salt. The effort is【C1】______because it could help to reduce obesity, but cutting sugar out of peoples diets poses【C2】______challenges. Last week, a group of academics and policy【C3】______specializing in medicine and【C4】______announced that they had formed a campaign group, Action on Sugar. Their idea is to convince manufacturers to【C5】______and gradually lower the【C6】______of sugar added to foods—so slowly that it isnt missed by【C7】______. It is essentially the same【C8】______as a campaign that is【C9】______credited with reducing British peoples salt intake. Over the past decade, CASH, a non-government organisation, helped to create anti-salt【C10】______aimed at the general public,【C11】______year-by-year targets for companies to reduce salt levels. These were【C12】______but had the backing of the government, and it was【C13】______that the targets would be legally enforced if companies【C14】______. Most manufacturers lowered their salt levels —and,【C15】______, there has been a 15 per cent【C16】______in salt intake in the UK, according to CASH. Repeating the trick with sugar may be more【C17】______not least because we do not know for sure if our palates(sense of taste)can adjust to eating food that is less【C18】______. By contrast, studies have shown that if volunteers are forced to eat a less salty diet, over several weeks they gradually begin to【C19】______food that is less salty. 'Theres no reason to think that would not hold【C20】______for sweet taste too,' says Charles Spence, a neurogas-tronomist at the University of Oxford.【C1】A．uselessB．respectableC．welcomeD．unpopular

未分类题'Poverty', wrote Aristotle, 'is the parent of crime.' But was he right? Certainly, poverty and crime are【C1】______. And the idea that a lack of income might drive someone to【C2】______sounds plausible. But research by Amir Sari-aslan casts【C3】______on the chain of causation— at least as far as violent crime and the misuse of【C4】______are concerned. Sariaslan consulted the【C5】______collected by Scandinavian governments which contained information about peoples annual family incomes and criminal【C6】______. In Sweden the age of criminal responsibility is 15, so Sariaslan【C7】______his subjects from the dates of their 15th birthdays【C8】______, for an average of three-and-a-half years. When he looked at families which had started poor and got richer, the younger children—those born into relative【C9】______—were just as likely to misbehave as the elder children. Family income was, in itself not the【C10】______factor. That suggests two【C11】______. One is that a familys culture, once established, is '【C12】______'— that you can take the kid out of the neighborhood,【C13】______not the neighborhood out of the kid.【C14】______childrens inclination to imitate elder brothers or sisters whom they admire, that sounds【C15】______plausible. The other is that genes which make them susceptible to criminal behavior. are common at the【C16】______of society, perhaps because the lack of impulse-control also tends to reduce someones earning capacity. Neither of these conclusions is likely to be welcome to【C17】______reformers. They suggest that merely【C18】______peoples incomes will not by itself address questions of bad behavior. Such conclusions will need to be【C19】______by others. If they are confirmed, the fact that they are【C20】______will be no excuse for ignoring them.【C1】A．opposedB．associatedC．interdependentD．advanced

未分类题凯恩斯认为______是收入的递增函数

未分类题中央银行在选择货币政策中间目标时只要考虑以下______条件

未分类题Doctors have treated the first reported case of 'Internet addiction disorder' brought on by excessive use of Google Glass. In September 2013, a 31-year-old man was checked into the U.S. Navys Substance Abuse program for alcohol addiction【C1】______. The program requires patients to refrain from alcohol, drugs and cigarettes for 35 days and takes away electronic devices at the door.【C2】______they took away his Google Glass. Doctors quickly【C3】______that the man would frequently and involuntarily【C4】______his right hand and tap his temple area, a【C5】______usually necessary to【C6】______the display of Google Glass. He was going through withdrawal from his Google Glass. And the Google Glass withdrawal was【C7】______than the alcohol withdrawal he was experiencing. After checking into the program, he exhibited【C8】______symptoms of withdrawal: frustration, irritability, aggression and cravings. His addiction also【C9】______him with short-term memory problems. The Navy serviceman【C10】______the device 18 hours a day and took it off【C11】______to sleep and bathe. He【C12】______purchased Google Glass in order to【C13】______his performance at work But after owning the glasses for two months, the device【C14】______into his sleeping hours as well. Internet addiction is commonly【C15】______with cellphones, laptops and personal computers. This is the first reported case【C16】______Google Glass. Though it is a【C17】______problem, Internet addiction does not appear in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.【C18】______, it is included in the appendix as a disorder that requires further study. While some psychiatrists believe it can be a【C19】______problem, others maintain that it is【C20】______a symptom of other psychological issues.【C1】A．managementB．treatmentC．developmentD．argument

未分类题Whether youre a New Jersey mall rat or a farmer in India, being poor can exhaust your smarts. The findings indicate that an【C1】______need— making rent, getting money for food—tugs at the attention so much that it can【C2】______the brainpower of anyone who experiences it, regardless of innate intelligence or【C3】______. As a result, many social【C4】______programs set up to help the poor could backfire(have an undesired effect)by adding more【C5】______to their lives. Theres a widespread tendency to【C6】______that poor people dont have money because they are lazy,【C7】______or just not that sharp, said study coauthor Sendhil Mullainathan. 'Our【C8】______was quite different: Its not that poor people are any different from rich people, but that being poor【C9】______itself has an effect.' Mullainathan wanted to find out how those psychologically【C10】______situations affected their overall mental【C11】______. To do so, the researchers traveled to India and【C12】______464 sugar cane farmers before and after a harvest. Sugar cane farmers get paid only once a year. One month before harvest time, they are【C13】______for cash; one month after harvest, theyre flush with【C14】______. The farmers took tests before and after harvest. When money was running low, they performed【C15】______on the IQ test and took slightly longer to answer questions on the test than they did when【C16】______wasnt a problem. The drop was【C17】______—about 9 IQ points. The research lends support to the idea that many behaviors【C18】______to being poor—using less preventive healthcare, having higher obesity rates, be ing less【C19】______parents and making poor financial decisions—may be caused by【C20】______rather than the other way around.【C1】A．mentalB．urgentC．specialD．social

未分类题Research has shown that—in both sexes and across numerous cultures—attractive people are judged to be smarter, kinder, more honest and【C1】______. With some regularity we hear about the latest beauty contestant who has【C2】______to a soft-ball of a question with an epic fail of a mistake, a【C3】______opinion or an incoherent ramble. Ridiculous. But whats even more ridiculous is that our brains【C4】______us toward believing such people—just because theyre【C5】______. In politics, we are also more likely to believe and vote【C6】______people who are attractive. And when it comes to blind【C7】______numerous studies discovered that more-attractive individuals are less likely to be【C8】______of crimes and, if so,【C9】______shorter-than-average sentences for the crime. Why should this be? Some have【C10】______that since it is pleasurable to meet someone attractive and someone good and honest, we【C11】______merge the two. But this convergence(the occurrence of two or more things coming together)of rewarding experiences seems【C12】______. Work by two researchers in Duke University【C13】______something more convincing: one part of the brain is involved in rating both the【C14】______of a face and the goodness of a behavior, and the level of activity in that【C15】______during one of those tasks predicts the level during the other. 【C16】______, the brain does similar things when【C17】______beautiful minds, hearts or cheekbones. Its a【C18】______finding. But theres also some good news in this story: The brain can get confused in【C19】______directions. That is to say, the same neural wiring that gives【C20】______to 'What is beautiful is good' also generates 'What is good is beautiful.'【C1】A．pessimisticB．selfishC．trustworthyD．handsome

未分类题以下属于商业银行的资产业务的有______。

未分类题The example of a lahar from the Nevada del Ruiz volcano in 1985 is used to show thatA．acoustic flow monitors are effective in predicting lahars.B．acoustic flow monitors are used all around the world.C．acoustic flow monitors can completely prevent lahars.D．acoustic flow monitors are sensitive to higher frequencies.