（）are represented by phonetic symbols because there is no one-to-one correspondence between written letters and spoken sounds.

填空题The complex form-function relationship is not a simplified, a one-to-one（）.

填空题When we teach grammar as（）, the learner is required to attend to grammar, while working on tasks which retain an emphasis on language use.

填空题Process teaching engages learners in（）,formulating their own meanings in contexts over which they have considerable control.

填空题The emphasis of the product perspective on grammar is on the component parts of the language system, divided up into separate forms. Each form is the（）of the grammarian’s analysis.

填空题Grammar is a description of the（）of a language and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases are combined to produce sentences in the language.