【T5】
A.HANDLE
B.ON
C.CONTINUED TO A.THE TREND WAS NATURALLY MOST OBVIOUS IN THOSE AREAS OF SCIENCE BASED ESPECIALLY【T1】______A MATHEMATICAL OR LABORATORY TRAINING
B.AMATEURS, ON THE OTHER HAND, HAVE【T2】______PURSUE LOCAL STUDIES
C.ONE MAN COULD CONTINUE TO【T3】______THE INFORMATION SPECIALIZATION CAN BE SEEN AS A RESPONSE TO THE PROBLEM OF AN INCREASING ACCUMULATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDG
E.BY SPLITTING UP THE SUBJECT MATTER INTO SMALLER UNITS,【T4】_____AND USE IT AS THE BASIS FOR FURTHER RESEARC
H.BUT SPECIALIZATION WAS ONLY ONEOF A SERIES OF RELATED DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATIO
N.ANOTHER WAS THE GROWING PROFESSIONALISATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY. NO CLEAR-CUT DISTINCTION CAN BE DRAWN BETWEEN PROFESSIONALS AND AMATEURS IN SCIENCE:EXCEPTIONS CAN BE FOUND TO ANY RUL
E.NEVERTHELESS, THE WORD 'AMATEUR' DOES CARRY A CONNOTATION THAT THE PERSON CONCERNED IS NOT FULLY INTEGRATED INTO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND, IN PARTICULAR, MAY NOT FULLY SHARE ITS VALUES.THE GROWTH OF SPECIALIZATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, WITH ITS CONSEQUENT REQUIREMENT OF A LONGER, MORE COMPLEX TRAINING, IMPLIED GREATER PROBLEMS FOR AMATEUR PARTICIPATION IN SCIENC
E.【T5】______, AND CAN BE ILLUSTRATED IN TERMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGY IN THE UNITED KINGDO
M. A COMPARISON OF BRITISH GEOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS OVER THE LAST CENTURY AND A HALF REVEALS NOT SIMPLY AN INCREASING EMPHASIS ON THE PRIMACY OF RESEARCH, BUT ALSO A CHANGING DEFINITION OF WHAT CONSTITUTES AN ACCEPTABLE RESEARCH PAPER.THUS, IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, LOCAL GEOLOGICAL STUDIES REPRESENTED WORTHWHILE RESEARCH IN THEIR OWN RIGHT; BUT, IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY,LOCAL STUDIES HAVE INCREASINGLY BECOME ACCEPTABLE TO PROFESSIONALS ONLY IFTHEY INCORPORATE, AND REFLECT ON, THE WIDER GEOLOGICAL PICTUR
E.【T6】______ IN THEOLD WAY.THE OVERALL RESULT HAS BEEN TO MAKE ENTRANCE TO PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGICAL JOURNALS HARDER FOR AMATEURS, A RESULT THAT HAS BEEN REINFORCED BY THE WIDESPREAD INTRODUCTION OF REFEREEING, FIRST BY NATIONAL JOURNALS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THEN BY SEVERAL LOCAL GEOLOGICAL JOURNALS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.AS A LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE OF THIS DEVELOPMENT, SEPARATE JOURNALS HAVE NOW APPEARED AIMED MAINLY TOWARDS EITHER PROFESSIONAL OR AMATEUR READERSHIP.A RATHER SIMILAR PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION HAS LED TO PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGISTS COMING TOGETHER NATIONALLY WITHIN ONE OR TWO SPECIFIC SOCIETIES, WHEREAS THE AMATEURS HAVE TENDED EITHER TO REMAIN IN LOCAL SOCIETIES OR TO COME TOGETHER NATIONALLY IN A DIFFERENT WAY.

未分类题【T7】A.POSITIVE B.BEHIND C.RESULT A.AFRAID THEIR COUNTRIES WILL BE LEFT【T7】______ B.WHAT WAS LESS VISIBLE THEN, HOWEVER, WERE THE NEW,【T8】______FORCES C.AS A【T9】______ A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION IS BEING PAID TODAY TO THE SO-CALLED DIGITAL DIVIDE—THE DIVISION OF THE WORLD INTO THE INFO (INFORMATION) RICH AND THE INFO POOR.AND THAT DIVIDE DOES EXIST TODAY.MY WIFE AND I LECTURED ABOUT THIS LOOMING DANGER TWENTY YEARS AGO.【T10】_____THAT WORK AGAINST THE DIGITAL DIVIDE. THERE ARE REASONS TO BE OPTIMISTIC.THERE ARE TECHNOLOGICAL REASONS TO HOPE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE WILL NARROW.AS THE INTERNET BECOMES MORE AND MORE COMMERCIALIZED, IT IS IN THE INTEREST OF BUSINESS TO UNIVERSALIZE ACCESS—AFTER ALL, THE MORE PEOPLE ONLINE, THE MORE POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS THERE ARE.MORE ANDMORE GOVERNMENTS,【T11】______,WANT TO SPREAD INTERNET ACCESS.WITHIN THE NEXTDECADE OR TWO, ONE TO TWO BILLION PEOPLE ON THE PLANET WILL BE NETTED TOGETHER.【T12】_____,I NOW BELIEVE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE WILL NARROW RATHER THAN WIDEN IN THE YEARSAHEAD.AND THAT IS VERY GOOD NEWS BECAUSE THE INTERNET MAY WELL BE THE MOST POWERFUL TOOL FOR COMBATING WORLD POVERTY THAT WE'VE EVER HAD.此题为多项选择题。

未分类题【T13】A.IT CERTAINLY RATTLED SOME WINDOWS B.TO MAKE THESE LOANS C.WROTE A WARNING MEMO D.BEGAN TO A.'HOT MONEY' OWNERS【T13】______PULL THEIR FUNDS OUT OF CONTINENTAL B.BUT【T14】______ C.ONE CONTINENTAL OFFICER SAW DANGER SIGNS AND【T15】______TO HER SUPERIORS D.TO OBTAIN THE FUNDS IT NEEDED【T16】______ THE STABILITY OF THE U.S.BANKING SYSTEM IS MAINTAINED BY MEANS OF SUPERVISION AND REGULATION, INSPECTIONS, DEPOSIT INSURANCE, AND LOANS TO TROUBLED BANKS.FOR OVER 50 YEARS, THESE PRECAUTIONS HAVE PREVENTED BANKING PANICS.HOWEVER, THERE HAVE BEEN SOME CLOSE CALLS.THE COLLAPSE OF CONTINENTAL ILLINOIS BANK &.TRUSTED COMPANY OF CHICAGO IN 1984 DID NOT BRING DOWN THE BANKING SYSTEM,【T17】______. IN THE LATE 1970S, CONTINENTAL SOARED TO A LEADERSHIP POSITION AMONG MIDWESTERN BANKS.PARTS OF ITS GROWTH STRATEGY WERE RISKY, HOWEVER.IT MADE MANY LOANS IN THE ENERGY FIELD, INCLUDING $ 1 BILLION THAT IT TOOK OVER FROM PENN SQUARE BANK OF OKLAHOMA CITY.【T18】______, CONTINENTAL RELIED HEAVILY ON SHORT TERM BORROWING FROM OTHER BANKSAND LARGE 30-DAY CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT— 'HOT MONEY', IN BANKING JARGON.AT LEAST 【T19】______, BUT THE MEMO WENT UNHEEDED.ALTHOUGH THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCYINSPECTED CONTINENTAL ON A REGULAR BASIS, IT FAILED TO SEE HOW SERIOUS ITS PROBLEMS WERE GOING TO BE. PENN SQUARE BANK WAS CLOSED BY REGULATORS IN JULY 1982.WHEN ENERGY PRICES BEGAN TO SLIP, MOST OF THE $ 1 BILLION IN LOANS THAT CONTINENTAL HAD TAKEN OVER FROM THE SMALLER BANKS TURNED OUT TO BE BAD.OTHER LOANS TO TROUBLED COMPANIES SUCH CHRYSLER, INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER, AND BRANIFF LOOKED QUESTIONABLE.SEEING THESE PROBLEM,【T20】______.此题为多项选择题。

未分类题【T20】A.WORK LONG HOURS B.TO CLASSICAL MUSIC C.EMOTIONS OF THE PEOPLE D.OF ITS OWN A.FORCED TO【T13】______ B.IN CONTRAST【T14】_______ C.EXPRESSING THE MOODS, INTEREST, AND【T15】_______ D.NO PROMINENT STYLE【T16】_______ MUSIC COMES IN MANY FORMS; MOST COUNTRIES HAVE A STYLE. OF THEIR OWN.AT THE TURN OFTHE CENTURY WHEN JAZZ (爵士乐) WAS BORN, AMERICA HAD【T17】______.NO ONE KNOWSEXACTLY WHEN JAZZ WAS INVENTED, OR BY WHOM, BUT IT BEGAN TO BE HEARD IN THE EARLY 1900S.JAZZ IS AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION TO POPULAR MUSIC.【T18】_______,WHICH FOLLOWS FORMALEUROPEAN TRADITIONS, JAZZ IS SPONTANEOUS AND FREE-FORM.IT BUBBLES WITH ENERGY,【T19】_______.IN THE 1920S JAZZ SOUNDED LIKE AMERICA, AND SO IT DOES TODAY.THE ORIGINS OFTHIS MUSIC ARE AS INTERESTING AS THE MUSIC ITSELF.AMERICAN NEGROES, OR BLACKS, AS THEY ARE CALLED TODAY,WERE THE JAZZ PIONEERS.THEY WERE BROUGHT TO SOUTHERN STATES AS SLAVES.THEY WERE SOLD TO PLANTATION OWNERS AND【T20】______.WHEN A NEGRO DIED HIS FRIENDSAND RELATIVES FORMED A PROCESSION TO CARRY THE BODY TO THE CEMETERY.IN NEW ORLEANS, A BAND OFTEN ACCOMPANIED THE PROCESSION.ON THE WAY TO THE CEMETERY THE BAND PLAYED SLOW, SOLEMN MUSIC SUITED TO THE OCCASION.BUT ON THE WAY HOME THE MOOD CHANGED.SPIRITS LIFTED.DEATH HAD REMOVED ONE OF THEIR NUMBERS, BUT THE LIVING WERE GLAD TO BE ALIVE.THE BAND PLAYED HAPPY MUSIC, IMPROVISING (即兴表演) ON BOTH THE HARMONY AND THE MELODY OF THE TUNES PRESENTED AT THE FUNERAL.THIS MUSIC MADE EVERYONE WANT TO DANCE.IT WAS AN EARLY FORM. OF JAZZ.

未分类题【A4】A.THE DISASTROUS IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY. B.HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH WORSENS THE PROBLEM. C.WHAT IS LAND CONVERSION? D.PROTECTED AREAS ARE UNDER THREAT. E.THE LAND-CONVERSION CASCADE. BEHIND THE PROJECTIONS OF SPECIES LOSS LURK A NUMBER OF CRUCIAL BUT HARD-TO-PLOT VARIABLES, AMONG WHICH TWO ARE ESPECIALLY WEIGHTY; CONTINUING LANDSCAPE CONVERSION AND THE GROWTH CURVE OF HUMAN POPULATION. 【A1】______ LANDSCAPE CONVERSION CAN MEAN MANY THINGS:DRAINING WETLANDS TO BUILD ROADS AND AIRPORTS, TURNING TALLGRASS (高秆草) PRAIRIES UNDER THE PLOW, FENCING SAVANNA (热带大草原) AND OVERGRAZING IT WITH DOMESTIC STOCK, CUTTING SECOND-GROWTH FOREST VERMONT AND CONSIGNING THE LAND TO SKI RESORTS OR VACATION SUBURBS, SLASH-AND-BURN CLEARING OF MADAGASCAR'S (马达加斯加) RAIN FOREST TO GROW RICE ON WET HILLSIDES, INDUSTRIAL LOGGING IN BORNEO (婆罗洲) TO MEET JAPANESE PLYWOOD DEMANDS. 【A2】______ THE ECOLOGIST JOHN TERBORGH AND A COLLEAGUE CAREL P.VAN SCHAIK, HAVE DESCRIBED A FOUR-STAGE PROCESS OF LANDSCAPE CONVERSION THAT THEY CALL THE LAND-USE CASCADE.THE SUCCESSIVE STAGES ARE (1)WILDLANDS, ENCOMPASSING NATIVE FLORAL AND FAUNAL COMMUNITIES ALTERED LITTLE OR NOT AT ALL BY HUMAN IMPACT; (2)EXTENSIVELY USED AREAS, SUCH AS NATURAL GRASSLANDS LIGHTLY GRAZED, SAVANNA KEPT OPEN FOR PREY ANIMALS BY INFREQUENT HUMAN-SET FIRES, OR FORESTS SPARSELY WORKED BY SLASH-AND-BURN FARMERS AT LOW DENSITY; (3)INTENSIVELY USED AREAS, MEANING CROP FIELDS, PLANTATIONS, VILLAGE COMMONS, TRAVEL CORRIDORS, URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL ZONES; AND FINALLY(4)DEGRADED LAND, FORMERLY USEFUL BUT NOW ABUSED BEYOND VALUE TO ANYBODY. 【A3】______ AMONG ALL FORMS OF LANDSCAPE CONVERSION, PUSHING TROPICAL FOREST FROM THE WILDLANDS CATEGORY TO THE INTENSIVELY USED CATEGORY HAS THE GREATEST IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY.YOU CAN SEE IT IN THE CENTRAL AMAZON, WHERE BIG TRACTS OF RAIN FOREST HAVE BEEN FELLED AND BURNED, IN A LARGELY FUTILE ATTEMPT TO PASTURE CATTLE ON SUN- HARDENED CLAY.BY THE MIDDLE OF THE NEXT CENTURY, IF TREND CONTINUE, TROPICAL FOREST WILL EXIST VIRTUALLY NOWHERE OUTSIDE OF PROTECTED AREAS—THAT IS, NATIONAL PARKS, WILDLIFE REFUGES, AND OTHER OFFICIAL RESERVES. 【A4】______ HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH WILL MAKE A BAD SITUATION WORSE BY PUTTING EVER MORE PRESSURE ON ALL AVAILABLE LAND.THE ANNUAL INCREASE IS NOW 80 MILLION PEOPLE, WITH MOST OF THAT INCREMENT COMING IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.ACCORDING TO THE UN'S MIDDLE ESTIMATE, HUMAN POPULATION WILL RISE FROM THE PRESENT 5.9 BILLION TO 9.4 BILLION BY THE YEAR 2050, THEN TO 10.8 BILLION BY 2150, BEFORE LEVELING OFF THERE AT THE END OF THE TWENTY-SECOND CENTURY.ANYONE INTERESTED IN THE FUTURE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY NEEDS TO THINK ABOUT THE PRESSURES THESE PEOPLE WILL FACE, AND THE PRESSURES THEY WILL EXERT IN RETURN. 【A5】______ THAT DIRECTION, NECESSARILY, WILL BE TOWARD EVER MORE DESPERATE EXPLOITATION OF LANDSCAPE.EVEN NOAH'S ARK ONLY MANAGES TO RESCUE PAIRED ANIMALS, NOT LARGE PARCELS OF HABITAT.THE JEOPARDY OF THE ECOLOGICAL FRAGMENTS THAT WE PRESENTLY CHERISH AS PARKS, REFUGES, AND RESERVES IS ALREADY SEVERE, DUE TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES: INTERNAL, BECAUSE INSULARITY ITSELF LEADS TO ECOLOGICAL UNRAVELING; AND EXTERNAL, BECAUSE THOSE AREAS ARE STILL UNDER SIEGE BY NEEDY AND COVETOUS PEOPLE.WE SHOULDN'T TAKE COMFORT IN ASSUMING THAT AT LEAST YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WILL STILL HARBOR BEARS IN THE YEAR 2150, THAT AT LEAST ROYAL CHIT-WAN IN NEPAL WILL STILL HARBOR TIGERS AND GIR IN INDIA WILL STILL HARBOR LIONS.THOSE PREDATOR POPULATIONS, AND OTHER SPECIES DOWN THE CASCADE, ARE LIKELY TO DISAPPEAR.'WILDNESS' WILL BE A WORD APPLICABLE ONLY TO URBAN TURMOIL.LIONS, TIGERS, AND BEARS WILL EXIST IN ZOOS.NATURE WON'T COME TO AN END, BUT IT WILL LOOK VERY DIFFERENT.

未分类题【T16】A.IT CERTAINLY RATTLED SOME WINDOWS B.TO MAKE THESE LOANS C.WROTE A WARNING MEMO D.BEGAN TO A.'HOT MONEY' OWNERS【T13】______PULL THEIR FUNDS OUT OF CONTINENTAL B.BUT【T14】______ C.ONE CONTINENTAL OFFICER SAW DANGER SIGNS AND【T15】______TO HER SUPERIORS D.TO OBTAIN THE FUNDS IT NEEDED【T16】______ THE STABILITY OF THE U.S.BANKING SYSTEM IS MAINTAINED BY MEANS OF SUPERVISION AND REGULATION, INSPECTIONS, DEPOSIT INSURANCE, AND LOANS TO TROUBLED BANKS.FOR OVER 50 YEARS, THESE PRECAUTIONS HAVE PREVENTED BANKING PANICS.HOWEVER, THERE HAVE BEEN SOME CLOSE CALLS.THE COLLAPSE OF CONTINENTAL ILLINOIS BANK &.TRUSTED COMPANY OF CHICAGO IN 1984 DID NOT BRING DOWN THE BANKING SYSTEM,【T17】______. IN THE LATE 1970S, CONTINENTAL SOARED TO A LEADERSHIP POSITION AMONG MIDWESTERN BANKS.PARTS OF ITS GROWTH STRATEGY WERE RISKY, HOWEVER.IT MADE MANY LOANS IN THE ENERGY FIELD, INCLUDING $ 1 BILLION THAT IT TOOK OVER FROM PENN SQUARE BANK OF OKLAHOMA CITY.【T18】______, CONTINENTAL RELIED HEAVILY ON SHORT TERM BORROWING FROM OTHER BANKSAND LARGE 30-DAY CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT— 'HOT MONEY', IN BANKING JARGON.AT LEAST 【T19】______, BUT THE MEMO WENT UNHEEDED.ALTHOUGH THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCYINSPECTED CONTINENTAL ON A REGULAR BASIS, IT FAILED TO SEE HOW SERIOUS ITS PROBLEMS WERE GOING TO BE. PENN SQUARE BANK WAS CLOSED BY REGULATORS IN JULY 1982.WHEN ENERGY PRICES BEGAN TO SLIP, MOST OF THE $ 1 BILLION IN LOANS THAT CONTINENTAL HAD TAKEN OVER FROM THE SMALLER BANKS TURNED OUT TO BE BAD.OTHER LOANS TO TROUBLED COMPANIES SUCH CHRYSLER, INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER, AND BRANIFF LOOKED QUESTIONABLE.SEEING THESE PROBLEM,【T20】______.此题为多项选择题。