【A4】A.THE DISASTROUS IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY. B.HUMAN PO-找考题网

【A4】
A.THE DISASTROUS IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY.
B.HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH WORSENS THE PROBLE
M.
C.WHAT IS LAND CONVERSION?
D.PROTECTED AREAS ARE UNDER THREAT.
E.THE LAND-CONVERSION CASCAD
E. BEHIND THE PROJECTIONS OF SPECIES LOSS LURK A NUMBER OF CRUCIAL BUT HARD-TO-PLOT VARIABLES, AMONG WHICH TWO ARE ESPECIALLY WEIGHTY; CONTINUING LANDSCAPE CONVERSION AND THE GROWTH CURVE OF HUMAN POPULATIO
N. 【A1】______ LANDSCAPE CONVERSION CAN MEAN MANY THINGS:DRAINING WETLANDS TO BUILD ROADS AND AIRPORTS, TURNING TALLGRASS (高秆草) PRAIRIES UNDER THE PLOW, FENCING SAVANNA (热带大草原) AND OVERGRAZING IT WITH DOMESTIC STOCK, CUTTING SECOND-GROWTH FOREST VERMONT AND CONSIGNING THE LAND TO SKI RESORTS OR VACATION SUBURBS, SLASH-AND-BURN CLEARING OF MADAGASCAR'S (马达加斯加) RAIN FOREST TO GROW RICE ON WET HILLSIDES, INDUSTRIAL LOGGING IN BORNEO (婆罗洲) TO MEET JAPANESE PLYWOOD DEMANDS. 【A2】______ THE ECOLOGIST JOHN TERBORGH AND A COLLEAGUE CAREL P.VAN SCHAIK, HAVE DESCRIBED A FOUR-STAGE PROCESS OF LANDSCAPE CONVERSION THAT THEY CALL THE LAND-USE CASCAD
E.THE SUCCESSIVE STAGES ARE (1)WILDLANDS, ENCOMPASSING NATIVE FLORAL AND FAUNAL COMMUNITIES ALTERED LITTLE OR NOT AT ALL BY HUMAN IMPACT; (2)EXTENSIVELY USED AREAS, SUCH AS NATURAL GRASSLANDS LIGHTLY GRAZED, SAVANNA KEPT OPEN FOR PREY ANIMALS BY INFREQUENT HUMAN-SET FIRES, OR FORESTS SPARSELY WORKED BY SLASH-AND-BURN FARMERS AT LOW DENSITY; (3)INTENSIVELY USED AREAS, MEANING CROP FIELDS, PLANTATIONS, VILLAGE COMMONS, TRAVEL CORRIDORS, URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL ZONES; AND FINALLY(4)DEGRADED LAND, FORMERLY USEFUL BUT NOW ABUSED BEYOND VALUE TO ANYBODY. 【A3】______ AMONG ALL FORMS OF LANDSCAPE CONVERSION, PUSHING TROPICAL FOREST FROM THE WILDLANDS CATEGORY TO THE INTENSIVELY USED CATEGORY HAS THE GREATEST IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY.YOU CAN SEE IT IN THE CENTRAL AMAZON, WHERE BIG TRACTS OF RAIN FOREST HAVE BEEN FELLED AND BURNED, IN A LARGELY FUTILE ATTEMPT TO PASTURE CATTLE ON SUN- HARDENED CLAY.BY THE MIDDLE OF THE NEXT CENTURY, IF TREND CONTINUE, TROPICAL FOREST WILL EXIST VIRTUALLY NOWHERE OUTSIDE OF PROTECTED AREAS—THAT IS, NATIONAL PARKS, WILDLIFE REFUGES, AND OTHER OFFICIAL RESERVES. 【A4】______ HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH WILL MAKE A BAD SITUATION WORSE BY PUTTING EVER MORE PRESSURE ON ALL AVAILABLE LAN
D.THE ANNUAL INCREASE IS NOW 80 MILLION PEOPLE, WITH MOST OF THAT INCREMENT COMING IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.ACCORDING TO THE UN'S MIDDLE ESTIMATE, HUMAN POPULATION WILL RISE FROM THE PRESENT 5.9 BILLION TO 9.4 BILLION BY THE YEAR 2050, THEN TO 10.8 BILLION BY 2150, BEFORE LEVELING OFF THERE AT THE END OF THE TWENTY-SECOND CENTURY.ANYONE INTERESTED IN THE FUTURE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY NEEDS TO THINK ABOUT THE PRESSURES THESE PEOPLE WILL FACE, AND THE PRESSURES THEY WILL EXERT IN RETUR
N. 【A5】______ THAT DIRECTION, NECESSARILY, WILL BE TOWARD EVER MORE DESPERATE EXPLOITATION OF LANDSCAP
E.EVEN NOAH'S ARK ONLY MANAGES TO RESCUE PAIRED ANIMALS, NOT LARGE PARCELS OF HABITAT.THE JEOPARDY OF THE ECOLOGICAL FRAGMENTS THAT WE PRESENTLY CHERISH AS PARKS, REFUGES, AND RESERVES IS ALREADY SEVERE, DUE TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES: INTERNAL, BECAUSE INSULARITY ITSELF LEADS TO ECOLOGICAL UNRAVELING; AND EXTERNAL, BECAUSE THOSE AREAS ARE STILL UNDER SIEGE BY NEEDY AND COVETOUS PEOPL
E.WE SHOULDN'T TAKE COMFORT IN ASSUMING THAT AT LEAST YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WILL STILL HARBOR BEARS IN THE YEAR 2150, THAT AT LEAST ROYAL CHIT-WAN IN NEPAL WILL STILL HARBOR TIGERS AND GIR IN INDIA WILL STILL HARBOR LIONS.THOSE PREDATOR POPULATIONS, AND OTHER SPECIES DOWN THE CASCADE, ARE LIKELY TO DISAPPEAR.'WILDNESS' WILL BE A WORD APPLICABLE ONLY TO URBAN TURMOIL.LIONS, TIGERS, AND BEARS WILL EXIST IN ZOOS.NATURE WON'T COME TO AN END, BUT IT WILL LOOK VERY DIFFERENT.

A.THE
B.HUMAN
C.WHAT
D.PROTECTED
E.THE
F.VAN
G.THE
H.YOU
I.BY
J.THE
K.ACCORDING
L.9
M.4
N.8
O.ANYONE
P.EVEN
Q.THE
R.WE
S.THOSE
T.'WILDNESS'
U.LIONS,
V.NATURE
W.

【参考答案】

B
本段第一句即是段落主题句：人口增长将会给原有的土地带来更多压力，从而使情况更加恶化。因此可确定B“人口增长使问题更加恶化”是本段的小标题。

未分类题【T16】A.IT CERTAINLY RATTLED SOME WINDOWS B.TO MAKE THESE LOANS C.WROTE A WARNING MEMO D.BEGAN TO A.'HOT MONEY' OWNERS【T13】______PULL THEIR FUNDS OUT OF CONTINENTAL B.BUT【T14】______ C.ONE CONTINENTAL OFFICER SAW DANGER SIGNS AND【T15】______TO HER SUPERIORS D.TO OBTAIN THE FUNDS IT NEEDED【T16】______ THE STABILITY OF THE U.S.BANKING SYSTEM IS MAINTAINED BY MEANS OF SUPERVISION AND REGULATION, INSPECTIONS, DEPOSIT INSURANCE, AND LOANS TO TROUBLED BANKS.FOR OVER 50 YEARS, THESE PRECAUTIONS HAVE PREVENTED BANKING PANICS.HOWEVER, THERE HAVE BEEN SOME CLOSE CALLS.THE COLLAPSE OF CONTINENTAL ILLINOIS BANK &.TRUSTED COMPANY OF CHICAGO IN 1984 DID NOT BRING DOWN THE BANKING SYSTEM,【T17】______. IN THE LATE 1970S, CONTINENTAL SOARED TO A LEADERSHIP POSITION AMONG MIDWESTERN BANKS.PARTS OF ITS GROWTH STRATEGY WERE RISKY, HOWEVER.IT MADE MANY LOANS IN THE ENERGY FIELD, INCLUDING $ 1 BILLION THAT IT TOOK OVER FROM PENN SQUARE BANK OF OKLAHOMA CITY.【T18】______, CONTINENTAL RELIED HEAVILY ON SHORT TERM BORROWING FROM OTHER BANKSAND LARGE 30-DAY CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT— 'HOT MONEY', IN BANKING JARGON.AT LEAST 【T19】______, BUT THE MEMO WENT UNHEEDED.ALTHOUGH THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCYINSPECTED CONTINENTAL ON A REGULAR BASIS, IT FAILED TO SEE HOW SERIOUS ITS PROBLEMS WERE GOING TO BE. PENN SQUARE BANK WAS CLOSED BY REGULATORS IN JULY 1982.WHEN ENERGY PRICES BEGAN TO SLIP, MOST OF THE $ 1 BILLION IN LOANS THAT CONTINENTAL HAD TAKEN OVER FROM THE SMALLER BANKS TURNED OUT TO BE BAD.OTHER LOANS TO TROUBLED COMPANIES SUCH CHRYSLER, INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER, AND BRANIFF LOOKED QUESTIONABLE.SEEING THESE PROBLEM,【T20】______.此题为多项选择题。