If he is a common carrier，he is absolutely responsible to the owner of the goods carried （）any loss or damage to them unless caused by an Act of God or the Queen’s enemies，or the inherent vice in the goods themselves，or the negligence of the owner of the goods，or a general average sacrifice.

单项选择题I certify the above（）and formally declare General Average.

A.to true
B.be true
C.being true
D.to be true

单项选择题For a sacrifice or expenditure to be the subject of general average contribution，there must be a danger common to（）.

A.the cargo owners
B.the shipowners
C.the whole adventure
D.the whole voyage

单项选择题Deviation to save（）is always justified，unless it is expressly stipulated otherwise.

A.property
B.a vessel in danger
C.human life
D.freight and cargoes in danger

单项选择题Deviation is caused by（）.

A.changes in the earth's magnetic field
B.nearby magnetic land masses or mineral deposits
C.magnetic influence inherent to that particular vessel
D.the magnetic lines of force not coinciding with the lines of longitude

单项选择题Deviation changes with a change in（）.

A.latitude
B.heading
C.longitude
D.sea conditions