The movement of heat within a fluid, caused by the application of thermal energy, is called （）.

单项选择题A gate valve installed in a pipeline should be （）.

A.used in either the fully dosed or fully opened position
B.installed with the stem down
C.used for steam service only
D.used to throttle or regulate the flow of liquid

单项选择题Which of the following modes of heat transfer does NOT require any physical contact between a warmer and a cooler substance?（）

A.Radiation
B.Conduction
C.Natural convection
D.All of the above

单项选择题Which of the valves listed should be used either in the fully opened or the fully closed position?（）

A.A gate valve
B.A globe valve
C.Any check valve
D.Any needle valve

单项选择题If a refrigeration compressor is running continuously without lowering the temperature in the refrigerated space, the trouble may be （）.

A.a shortage of compressor oil
B.warm food in the refrigerator
C.excessive condenser cooling water
D.a shortage of refrigerant

单项选择题In the design of hydraulic piping and equipment consideration is given to minimize turbulence in the hydraulic fluid, as this will cause （）.

A.molecular fluid vibration
B.energy losses
C.wide pressure variations
D.mechanical damage to control valves