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填空题

The ocean bottom—a region nearly 2.5 times greater than
the total land area of the earth—is a vast frontier that even today
is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century
ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely accessible, hidden (56) ______
beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without
light and subjected intense pressures hundreds of times greater (57) ______
than at the Earth’s surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile
environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote
as the void of out space. (58) ______
Therefore researchers have been taking samples of (59) ______
deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first
detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did actually (60) ______
start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science
Foundation’s Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP).
Used techniques first developed for the offshore, oil and (61) ______
gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger,
was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface
and drill very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments (62) ______
and rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger’s core samples have allowed
geologists to reconstruct that the planet looked like hundreds (63) ______
of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably
look like millions of years in the future. Today largely on the
strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar
Challenger’s voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree with (64) ______
the theories of plate construction and continental drift that
explain many of the geological processes that shape on the (65) ______
Earth.

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subjected ∧ intense→to
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问答题When did sport begin If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much older than humankind, for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals—past, present, and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run, wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh (or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of life in earnest. Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Hay is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the origins of our highest accomplishments—liturgy, literature, and law—can be traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the nondatable, trans-species play impulse.

填空题accessible→inaccessible

单项选择题The author believes that the debate over affirmative action [A] will soon be brought to an end. [B] has aroused many people’s awareness. [C] is a hot potato in the United States. [D] reflects partially the question of equality.

All of which raises a question: why are we still wrestling with this stuff Why, more than a quarter of a century after the high court ruled race had a legitimate place in university admissions decisions, are we still fighting over whether race should play a role
One answer is that the very idea of affirmative action--that is, systematically treating members of various groups differently in the pursuit of diversity or social justice--strikes some people as downright immoral. For to believe in affirmative action is to believe in a concept of equality turned upside down. It is to believe that "to treat some persons equally, we must treat them differently, " as the idea was expressed by U. S. Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun.
That argument has never been an easy sell, even when made passionately by President Lyndon B. Johnson during an era in which prejudice was thicker than L. A. smog. Now the argument is infinitely more difficult to make. Even those generally supportive of affirmative action don’t like the connotations it sometimes carries. "No one wants preferential treatment, including African-Americans, "observed Ed Sarpolis, vice president of EPIC-MRA, a Michigan polling firm.
In 2003, the Supreme Court upheld the University of Michigan’s right to use race in the pursuit of "diversity," even as it condemned the way the undergraduate school had chosen to do so. The decision left Jennifer Gratz, the named plaintiff, fuming. "I called Ward Connerly... and I said, ’We need to do something about this’, " recalled Gratz, an animated former cheerleader. They decided that if the Supreme Court wouldn’t give them what they wanted, they would take their case--and their proposition--directly to the people.
Californians disagree about the impact of Connerly’s proposition on their state. But despite some exceedingly grim predictions, the sky did not fall in. Most people went about their lives much as they always had.
In a sane world, the battle in Michigan, and indeed the battle over affirmative action writ large, would offer an opportunity to seriously engage a question the enemies and defenders of affirmative action claim to care about: how do you go about creating a society where all people--not just the lucky few--have the opportunities they deserve It is a question much broader than the debate over affirmative action. But until we begin to move toward an answer, the debate over affirmative action will continue--even if it is something of a sideshow to what should be the main event.