SECTION A In this section you will hear a
mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes
on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them
to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over,
yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to
complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for
note-taking. ANSWER SHEET ONE Seven Types of
Evidence It is important to learn to use evidence in
argumentative writing, because without evidence, you can’t persuade anybody of
anything. Usually seven types of evidence are used. Ⅰ. Expert
Testimony Expert testimony is useful because it comes from
somebody with special knowledge and has been tested by others.
There are three kinds of expert testimony: facts, informed opinions,
and 1
1. _____ The first two can be safely used in your
writing, but the third may be dangerous, because they are just what is
possibly true. Ⅱ. 2
2. _____ This refers
to data that can reveal some information. Strong evidence of this type
should be valid, accurate, and 3
3.
_____ Ⅲ. Example Examples are widely used in our daily
life. Examples can serve three purposes. First, clarify meaning. Second,
provide reason for justification. Third, 4
4.
_____ Ⅳ. Personal Experience Writer can use his own experience to
support an argument. But if the experience is 5 ,
5. _____ the argument will not be very
forceful. Ⅴ. Analogy Analogy is a comparison of apparently
dissimilar things. Analogy can make unfamiliar topics 6 ,
but it is not enough to prove anything.
6. _____ Ⅵ. Known Facts Known facts are facts that are known
to 7
7. _____ They
can be used as a type of evidence. Ⅶ. Logic and Reasoning Logic and
reasoning may be used in two situations. One, 8 is not
available.8. _____ Two, the writer wants to strengthen the persuasiveness of
his factual evidence. Ⅷ. Three Criteria for Good Evidence: 1.
relevant 2. 9
9. _____ 3. 10
10. _____
