单项选择题

A．foreign language requirements for the Ph. D. do not v……

We learn from the passage that ______.

A．foreign language requirements for the Ph. D. do not vary in difficulty among universities
B．meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D. is the most frequent reason for dropping out
C．it is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs to meet foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.
D．meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D. is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate

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单项选择题It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A．there are 1,000 positions for the Ph. D. s
B．the high rate of dropouts is because the salary for dropouts is too high
C．the high rate of dropouts lies in the fact that the salary for Ph. D. is too low
D．the reason why so many Ph. D. candidates drop out is that academic requirement is too high for them

单项选择题Research has shown that ______.

A．Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. s in financial attainment
B．the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies
C．the Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out
D．about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree

单项选择题Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects ______.

A．would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations
B．could easily escape conviction of guilt
C．would have to submit evidence for their innocence
D．could be convicted of guilt as well