Statistic
Ⅰ. The defendant is guilty or not
1) Expert:
A. A DNA sample (1) defendant’s. (1) ______
B. The possibility of odds is one in million.
2) Defense lawyer:
Counter the fact that if in a city of three million people, there are (2) (2) ______
matching each other’s DNA.
Ⅱ. Unjust discrimination
1) Universities add additional points to minority group students.
They unlawfully make an easier (3) for those students. (3) ______
2) Annie was kept from (4) . Her lawyer used statistics to show (4) ______
that workers, who were not in (5) group, with the same (5) ______
qualifications were promoted.
3) Tobacco companies won the cases because of the (6) . (6) ______
Warning: statistics should be (7) along with other evidence. (7) ______
Ⅲ. Statistics in calculation:
1) (8) analysis: e.g. Bert could no longer work. Statisticians (8) ______
predict how long he could work and how long he could have made.
2) Multiple regression analysis: Statistician finds the "best fit"
for all the sample data when multiple independent (9) are at work. (9) ______
Ⅳ. Statistics on the witness stand:
--experts know how to make statistics (10) (10) ______
--cross examine and challenge the validity of statistics