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简论戏曲表演程式。

【参考答案】

戏曲的表演程式是戏曲运用音乐舞蹈等手段表现生活的一种独特的表演技术格式。戏曲表演的主要手段——唱、念、做、打都是程式。程式的含义，包括两层意思：一是其格律性。在戏曲表演中，一切生活的自然形态，都要按照美的原则加以概括提炼，使之成为节奏鲜明、格律严整的技术格式。例如唱腔中的曲牌、板式，念白中的散白、韵白，做派中的身段、工架，武打中的各种套子，喜怒哀乐等感情的表现形式等等，无一不是生活中的语言声调和心理、形体表现的格律化。二是规范性。每一种表演技术格式都是在创造具体形象的过程中形成...

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