单项选择题

A．the development in communicationB．the growth of profe……

The direct reason for specialization is ______.

A．the development in communication
B．the growth of professionalisation
C．the expansion of scientific knowledge
D．the splitting up of academic societies

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单项选择题The author writes the development of geology to demonstrate ______.

A．the process of specialization and professionalisation
B．the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
C．the change of policies in scientific publications
D．the discrimination of professionals against amateurs

单项选择题We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation
B．amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C．professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D．amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones

单项选择题The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ______.

A．sociology and chemistry
B．physics and psychology
C．sociology and psychology
D．physics and chemistry

单项选择题From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ______.

A．secretly and vigorously
B．openly and enthusiastically
C．easily and momentarily
D．verbally and spiritually

单项选择题The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ______.

A．customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
B．too late to check ambition once it has been let out
C．dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
D．impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition