In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.

填空题In order to acquire a second language， learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t（）.

填空题The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I （）， which is specific to human beings.

填空题In many societies of the world， we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies， b（） inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.

填空题Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example， Modern English verb ask was Old English askian， with the k preceding the s .Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m（）.

填空题While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized， that of an u（） is concrete and context-dependent.