【T1】
A.ACCOUNTED FOR
B.FOR
C.GROUNDS A.RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE 【T1】______THAT
B.ANOTHER RAILROAD IS COMPETING【T2】______THE BUSINESS
C.THE TOP FOUR RAILROADS【T3】_______UNDER 70 PERCENT IN RECENT YEARS, RAILROADS HAVE BEEN COMBINING WITH EACH OTHER, MERGING INTO SUPER SYSTEMS, CAUSING HEIGHTENED CONCERNS ABOUT MONOPOLY.AS RECENTLY AS 1995,【T4】______OF THE TOTAL TON-MILES MOVED BY RAILS.NEXT YEAR, AFTER A SERIES OF MERGERS IS COMPLETED, JUST FOUR RAILROADS WILL CONTROL WELL OVER 90 PERCENT OF ALL THE FREIGHT MOVED BY MAJOR RAIL CARRIERS. SUPPORTERS OF THE NEW SUPER SYSTEMS ARGUE THAT THESE MERGERS WILL ALLOW FOR SUBSTANTIAL COST REDUCTIONS AND BETTER COORDINATED SERVIC
E.ANY THREAT OF MONOPOLY, THEY ARGUE, IS REMOVED BY FIERCE COMPETITION FROM TRUCKS.BUT MANY SHIPPERS COMPLAIN THAT FOR HEAVY BULK COMMODITIES TRAVELING LONG DISTANCES, SUCH AS COAL, CHEMICALS, AND GRAIN, TRUCKING IS TOO COSTLY AND THE RAILROADS THEREFORE HAVE THEM BY THE THROAT. THE VAST CONSOLIDATION WITHIN THE RAIL INDUSTRY MEANS THAT MOST SHIPPERS ARE SERVED BY ONLY ONE RAIL COMPANY.RAILROADS TYPICALLY CHARGE SUCH 'CAPTIVE' SHIPPERS 20 TO 30 PERCENTMORE THAN THEY DO WHEN【T5】______.SHIPPERS WHO FEEL THEY ARE BEING OVERCHARGED HAVETHE RIGHT TO APPEAL TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD FOR RATE RELIEF, BUT THE PROCESS IS EXPENSIVE, TIME CONSUMING, AND WILL WORK ONLY IN TRULY EXTREME CASES. 【T6】______IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE'S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF SWITCHING TO TRUCKS OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO, LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LIN
E.IT'S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING WHICH COMPANIES WILL FLOURISH AND WHICH WILL FAIL.'DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND WHO LOSES IN THE MARKETPLACE?' ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.此题为多项选择题。

未分类题【T10】A.THREATENS B.FOR C.HEALTHIER A.A GOVERNMENT WITH FINITE RESOURCES SHOULD SIMPLY STOP PAYING【T7】_______MEDICAL CARE B.OUR FAILURE TO CONFRONT THAT REALITY NOW【T8】_______THIS GREATNESS OF OURS C.SO THAT YOUNGER,【T9】_______ PEOPLE CAN REALIZE THEIR POTENTIAL IT IS SAID THAT IN ENGLAND DEATH IS PRESSING, IN CANADA INEVITABLE AND IN CALIFORNIA OPTIONAL.SMALL WONDER.AMERICANS' LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS NEARLY DOUBLED OVER THE PAST CENTURY.FAILING HIPS CAN BE REPLACED, CATARACTS REMOVED IN A 30-MINUTES SURGICAL PROCEDURE.SUCH ADVANCES OFFER THE AGING POPULATION A QUALITY OF LIFE THAT WAS UNIMAGINABLE WHEN I ENTERED MEDICINE 50 YEARS AGO.BUT NOT EVEN A GREAT HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM CAN CURE DEATH, AND【T10】______ DEATH IS NORMAL; WE ARE GENETICALLY PROGRAMMED TO DISINTEGRATE AND PERISH, EVEN UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS.WE ALL UNDERSTAND THAT AT SOME LEVEL, YET AS MEDICAL CONSUMERS WE TREAT DEATH AS A PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED.SHIELDED BY THIRD-PARTY PAYERS FROM THE COST OF OUR CARE, WE DEMAND EVERYTHING THAT CAN POSSIBLY BE DONE FOR US, EVEN IF IT'S USELESS.THE MOST OBVIOUS EXAMPLE IS LATE-STAGE CANCER CARE.PHYSICIANS—FRUSTRATED BY THEIR INABILITY TO CURE THE DISEASE AND FEARING LOSS OF HOPE IN THE PATIENT—TOO OFTEN OFFER AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT FAR BEYOND WHAT IS SCIENTIFICALLY JUSTIFIED. IN 1950, THE U.S.SPENT $12.7 BILLION ON HEALTH CARE.IN 2002, THE COST WILL BE $1,540 BILLION.ANYONE CAN SEE THIS TREND IS UNSUSTAINABLE.YET FEW SEEM WILLING TO TRY TOREVERSE IT.SOME SCHOLARS CONCLUDE THAT【T11】______THAT SUSTAINS LIFE BEYOND A CERTAINAGE—SAY 83 OR SO.FORMER COLORADO GOVERNOR RICHARD LAMM HAS BEEN QUOTED AS SAYING THAT THE OLD AND INFIRM 'HAVE A DUTY TO DIE AND GET OUT OF THE WAY',【T12】______.

未分类题【T19】A.TO THE AUDIENCE B.COMMENT ON C.SUNNY WEATHER D.BE APPROPRIATE A.YOU MAY WANT TO【T13】_______THEIR DISORGANIZED BOSSES B.HE SEES WONDERFUL ACCOMMODATIONS, BEAUTIFUL GARDENS,【T14】_______ , AND SO ON C.YOUR HUMOR MUST BE RELEVANT【T15】_______ D.IT'LL【T16】_______FOR YOU TO MAKE A PASSING REMARK IF YOU INTEND USING HUMOR IN YOUR TALK TO MAKE PEOPLE SMILE, YOU MUST KNOW HOW TOIDENTIFY SHARED EXPERIENCES AND PROBLEMS.【T17】_______AND SHOULD HELP TO SHOW THEMTHAT YOU ARE ONE OF THEM OR THAT YOU UNDERSTAND THEIR SITUATION AND ARE IN SYMPATHY WITH THEIR POINT OF VIEW.DEPENDING ON WHOM YOU ARE ADDRESSING, THE PROBLEMS WILL BE DIFFERENT.IF YOU ARE TALKING TO A GROUP OF MANAGERS, YOU MAY REFER TO THE DISORGANIZED METHODS OF THEIR SECRETARIES; ALTERNATIVELY IF YOU ARE ADDRESSING SECRETARIES,【T18】______. HERE IS AN EXAMPLE, WHICH I HEARD AT A NURSES' CONVENTION, OF A STORY WHICH WORKS WELL BECAUSE THE AUDIENCE ALL SHARED THE SAME VIEW OF DOCTORS.A MAN ARRIVES IN HEAVEN ANDIS BEING SHOWN AROUND BY ST.PETER.【T19】______.EVERYONE IS VERY PEACEFUL, POLITEAND FRIENDLY UNTIL, WAITING IN A LINE FOR LUNCH, THE NEW ARRIVAL IS SUDDENLY PUSHED ASIDE BY A MAN IN A WHITE COAT, WHO RUSHES TO THE HEAD OF THE LINE, GRABS HIS FOOD AND STAMPS OVER TO A TABLE BY HIMSELF.'WHO IS THAT?' THE NEW ARRIVAL ASKED ST.PETER.'OH, THAT'S GOD,'CAME THE REPLY, 'BUT SOMETIMES HE THINKS HE'S A DOCTOR.' IF YOU ARE PART OF THE GROUP WHICH YOU ARE ADDRESSING, YOU WILL BE IN A POSITION TOKNOW THE EXPERIENCES AND PROBLEMS WHICH ARE COMMON TO ALL OF YOU AND【T20】______ABOUT THE INEDIBLE CANTEEN FOOD OR THE CHAIRMAN'S NOTORIOUS BAD TASTE IN TIES.WITH OTHER AUDIENCES YOU MUSTN'T ATTEMPT TO CUT IN WITH HUMOR AS THEY WILL RESENT AN OUTSIDER MAKING DISPARAGING REMARKS ABOUT THEIR CANTEEN OR THEIR CHAIRMAN.YOU WILL BE ON SAFER GROUND IF YOU STICK TO SCAPEGOATS LIKE THE POST OFFICE OR THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM.

未分类题【T12】A.THREATENS B.FOR C.HEALTHIER A.A GOVERNMENT WITH FINITE RESOURCES SHOULD SIMPLY STOP PAYING【T7】_______MEDICAL CARE B.OUR FAILURE TO CONFRONT THAT REALITY NOW【T8】_______THIS GREATNESS OF OURS C.SO THAT YOUNGER,【T9】_______ PEOPLE CAN REALIZE THEIR POTENTIAL IT IS SAID THAT IN ENGLAND DEATH IS PRESSING, IN CANADA INEVITABLE AND IN CALIFORNIA OPTIONAL.SMALL WONDER.AMERICANS' LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS NEARLY DOUBLED OVER THE PAST CENTURY.FAILING HIPS CAN BE REPLACED, CATARACTS REMOVED IN A 30-MINUTES SURGICAL PROCEDURE.SUCH ADVANCES OFFER THE AGING POPULATION A QUALITY OF LIFE THAT WAS UNIMAGINABLE WHEN I ENTERED MEDICINE 50 YEARS AGO.BUT NOT EVEN A GREAT HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM CAN CURE DEATH, AND【T10】______ DEATH IS NORMAL; WE ARE GENETICALLY PROGRAMMED TO DISINTEGRATE AND PERISH, EVEN UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS.WE ALL UNDERSTAND THAT AT SOME LEVEL, YET AS MEDICAL CONSUMERS WE TREAT DEATH AS A PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED.SHIELDED BY THIRD-PARTY PAYERS FROM THE COST OF OUR CARE, WE DEMAND EVERYTHING THAT CAN POSSIBLY BE DONE FOR US, EVEN IF IT'S USELESS.THE MOST OBVIOUS EXAMPLE IS LATE-STAGE CANCER CARE.PHYSICIANS—FRUSTRATED BY THEIR INABILITY TO CURE THE DISEASE AND FEARING LOSS OF HOPE IN THE PATIENT—TOO OFTEN OFFER AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT FAR BEYOND WHAT IS SCIENTIFICALLY JUSTIFIED. IN 1950, THE U.S.SPENT $12.7 BILLION ON HEALTH CARE.IN 2002, THE COST WILL BE $1,540 BILLION.ANYONE CAN SEE THIS TREND IS UNSUSTAINABLE.YET FEW SEEM WILLING TO TRY TOREVERSE IT.SOME SCHOLARS CONCLUDE THAT【T11】______THAT SUSTAINS LIFE BEYOND A CERTAINAGE—SAY 83 OR SO.FORMER COLORADO GOVERNOR RICHARD LAMM HAS BEEN QUOTED AS SAYING THAT THE OLD AND INFIRM 'HAVE A DUTY TO DIE AND GET OUT OF THE WAY',【T12】______.

未分类题【T14】A.TO THE AUDIENCE B.COMMENT ON C.SUNNY WEATHER D.BE APPROPRIATE A.YOU MAY WANT TO【T13】_______THEIR DISORGANIZED BOSSES B.HE SEES WONDERFUL ACCOMMODATIONS, BEAUTIFUL GARDENS,【T14】_______ , AND SO ON C.YOUR HUMOR MUST BE RELEVANT【T15】_______ D.IT'LL【T16】_______FOR YOU TO MAKE A PASSING REMARK IF YOU INTEND USING HUMOR IN YOUR TALK TO MAKE PEOPLE SMILE, YOU MUST KNOW HOW TOIDENTIFY SHARED EXPERIENCES AND PROBLEMS.【T17】_______AND SHOULD HELP TO SHOW THEMTHAT YOU ARE ONE OF THEM OR THAT YOU UNDERSTAND THEIR SITUATION AND ARE IN SYMPATHY WITH THEIR POINT OF VIEW.DEPENDING ON WHOM YOU ARE ADDRESSING, THE PROBLEMS WILL BE DIFFERENT.IF YOU ARE TALKING TO A GROUP OF MANAGERS, YOU MAY REFER TO THE DISORGANIZED METHODS OF THEIR SECRETARIES; ALTERNATIVELY IF YOU ARE ADDRESSING SECRETARIES,【T18】______. HERE IS AN EXAMPLE, WHICH I HEARD AT A NURSES' CONVENTION, OF A STORY WHICH WORKS WELL BECAUSE THE AUDIENCE ALL SHARED THE SAME VIEW OF DOCTORS.A MAN ARRIVES IN HEAVEN ANDIS BEING SHOWN AROUND BY ST.PETER.【T19】______.EVERYONE IS VERY PEACEFUL, POLITEAND FRIENDLY UNTIL, WAITING IN A LINE FOR LUNCH, THE NEW ARRIVAL IS SUDDENLY PUSHED ASIDE BY A MAN IN A WHITE COAT, WHO RUSHES TO THE HEAD OF THE LINE, GRABS HIS FOOD AND STAMPS OVER TO A TABLE BY HIMSELF.'WHO IS THAT?' THE NEW ARRIVAL ASKED ST.PETER.'OH, THAT'S GOD,'CAME THE REPLY, 'BUT SOMETIMES HE THINKS HE'S A DOCTOR.' IF YOU ARE PART OF THE GROUP WHICH YOU ARE ADDRESSING, YOU WILL BE IN A POSITION TOKNOW THE EXPERIENCES AND PROBLEMS WHICH ARE COMMON TO ALL OF YOU AND【T20】______ABOUT THE INEDIBLE CANTEEN FOOD OR THE CHAIRMAN'S NOTORIOUS BAD TASTE IN TIES.WITH OTHER AUDIENCES YOU MUSTN'T ATTEMPT TO CUT IN WITH HUMOR AS THEY WILL RESENT AN OUTSIDER MAKING DISPARAGING REMARKS ABOUT THEIR CANTEEN OR THEIR CHAIRMAN.YOU WILL BE ON SAFER GROUND IF YOU STICK TO SCAPEGOATS LIKE THE POST OFFICE OR THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM.此题为多项选择题。

未分类题【A2】A.YOU CAN SCHEDULE AN AUTOMATIC PAYMENT. B.TRYING TO GET OUT OF THE LATE FEE SOMETIMES. C.YOU'D BETTER PLAN TO PAY AHEAD. D.CHANGE YOUR PAYMENT DUE DATE IN ORDER TO AVOID LATE FEE. E.YOU COULD ALSO SET FOR YOURSELF A REMINDER TO PAY IN TIME. SOME TIPS TO AVOID A CREDIT CARD LATE FEE IF YOU'RE EVEN A MINUTE LATE WITH A PAYMENT, YOUR CREDIT CARD COMPANY CAN HIT YOU HARD IN THE WALLET—AS MUCH AS $39 EACH TIME, ACCORDING TO A JULY 2008 SURVEY. HOWEVER, SOME SIMPLE STEPS CAN HELP KEEP YOUR EXPOSURE TO THESE EXTRA COSTS TO A MINIMUM. 【A1】______ A FEW CARD ISSUERS, INCLUDING CHASE AND HSBC, CHARGE EXTRA FEES FOR ONLINE PAYMENTS THAT YOU NEED TO POST THE SAME DAY, SO EVEN IF YOU PAY ELECTRONICALLY, DO IT THREE TO FOUR DAYS AHEAD SO YOUR CREDIT CARD COMPANY WILL PROCESS THE PAYMENT BY THE DUE DATE.IF YOU'RE SNAIL-MAILING CHECKS, ALLOW EVEN MORE TIME—ABOUT 10 DAYS—TO ALLOW FOR MAIL SNAFUS.AND UNLESS YOU'RE DESPERATE, FORGET ABOUT PHONE PAYMENTS—A NUMBER OF BANKS CHARGE A FEE FOR THEM, NO MATTER WHEN YOU CALL. 【A2】______ A FEW CARD ISSUERS ALLOW YOU TO CHOOSE A DUE DATE TO COINCIDE WITH YOUR PAYDAY SCHEDULE, SO A CASH SHORTFALL WON'T MAKE YOU LATE.YOU CAN EVEN CHOOSE A DUE DATE THAT'S EASIER TO REMEMBER.YOUR BIRTHDAY'S ON FEB.17? MAKE YOUR CREDIT CARD PAYMENT DUE ON THE 17TH OF EACH MONTH. 【A3】______ SOME BANKS OFFER AN AUTOPAY PROGRAM THAT LINKS YOUR CREDIT CARD TO A CHECKING OR SAVING ACCOUNT; YOU DECIDE WHETHER TO AUTOMATICALLY PAY THE NEW BALANCE, THE CURRENT MINIMUM PAYMENT OR A FIXED DOLLAR AMOUNT.IF YOU BANK ONLINE, YOU CAN ALSO ARRANGE A DO-IT-YOURSELF AUTOPAY.JUST ESTIMATE YOUR USUAL MONTHLY MINIMUM, SCHEDULE A MONTHLY PAYMENT DATE AND HAVE THE AMOUNT DEDUCTED FROM YOUR ACCOUNT AUTOMATICALLY.JUST MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ENOUGH IN CHECKING TO COVER IT OR THE OVERDRAFT FEES WILL EAT UP YOUR SAVING ON LATE FEES. 【A4】______ SOME CREDIT CARD COMPANIES, INCLUDING CHASE, WILL ALERT YOU OF UPCOMING DUE DATES BY E-MAIL OR VOICE MAIL.YOU CAN ALSO SCHEDULE A MONTHLY E-MAIL REMINDER THROUGH A WEB SITE, SUCH AS MEMOTO ME.COM OR REMEMBERTHMILK.COM. 【A5】______ EVEN CONSCIENTIOUS CONSUMERS WILL PROBABLY GET HIT WITH A LATE FEE AT SOME POINT.HOWEVER, IF YOU HAVE A GOOD RECORD OF ON-TIME PAYMENTS, CALL AND POLITELY ASK A CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE TO WAIVE THE CHARGE.NO DICE? ASK TO TALK TO A SUPERVISOR, OR TRY AGAIN ON A DIFFERENT DAY.YOU MIGHT EVEN THREATEN TO CLOSE YOUR ACCOUNTS WITH THE COMPANY—A TACTIC THAT WORKED FOR JEFF ROTH OF MOLALLA, ORE, AFTER HIS WIFE'S CHASE CREDIT CARD WAS HIT WITH A $ 39 LATE FEE WHEN THE FOURTH OF JULY DELAYED PROCESSING OF A PAYMENT.'MY ADVICE TO THOSE WHO FEEL THEY HAVE UNJUSTLY BEEN ASSESSED LATE FEES IS TO BE ASSERTIVE ABOUT GETTING THE CHARGES REMOVED.' SAYS ROTH, WHO POSTED ABOUT HIS PLIGHT AT GETRICHSLOW-LY.ORG.'IT WON'T ALWAYS WORK, BUT MOST CREDIT CARD COMPANIES WILL LEAST GIVE YOU ONE FREEBIE.' NEXT TIME, THOUGH, YOU MAY BE ON YOUR OWN.COLOR IS VERY IMPORTANT TO MOST ANIMALS FOR IT HELPS THEM TO GET ALONG IN THE WORLD.