【T18】A.IN EXCHANGE B.CAPABLE OF C.PAY MUCH CLOSER ATTEN-找考题网

未分类题【T19】A.IN EXCHANGE B.CAPABLE OF C.PAY MUCH CLOSER ATTENTION D.TEACHING THEIR MONKEYS A.ONE MONKEY WAS HANDED A GRAPE【T13】______FOR HER TOKEN B.OTHER ANIMALS WOULD NOT BE【T14】______THIS FINELY C.THEY TEND TO【T15】______TO THE VALUE D.SPENT TWO YEARS【T16】______TO EXCHANGE TOKENS FOR FOOD EVERYBODY LOVES A FAT PAY RISE.YET PLEASURE AT YOUR OWN CAN VANISH IF YOU LEARN THAT A COLLEAGUE HAS BEEN GIVEN A BIGGER ONE.INDEED, IF HE HAS A REPUTATION FOR SLACKING, YOU MIGHT EVEN BE OUTRAGED.SUCH BEHAVIOUR IS REGARDED AS 'ALL TOO HUMAN', WITH THE UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION THAT【T17】______.BUT A STUDY BY SARACH BROSNAN AND FRANS DE WAAL OFEMORY UNIVERSITY IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA, WHICH HAS JUST BEEN PUBLISHED IN NATURE, SUGGESTS THAT IT IS ALL TOO MONKEY, AS WELL. THE RESEARCHERS STUDIED THE BEHAVIOUR OF FEMALE BROWN CAPUCHIN MONKEYS.THEY LOOK CUTE.THEY ARE GOOD-NATURED, COOPERATIVE CREATURES, AND THEY SHARE THEIR FOOD READILY.ABOVE ALL, LIKE THEIR FEMALE HUMAN COUNTERPARTS,【T18】______OF 'GOODS AND SERVICES'THAN MALES. SUCH CHARACTERISTICS MAKE THEM PERFECT CANDIDATES FOR DR.BROSNAN'S AND DR.DE WAAL'S STUDY.THE RESEARCHERS【T19】______.NORMALLY, THE MONKEYS WERE HAPPY ENOUGH TO EXCHANGE PIECES OF ROCK FOR SLICES OF CUCUMBER.HOWEVER, WHEN TWO MONKEYS WERE PLACED IN SEPARATE BUT ADJOINING CHAMBERS, SO THAT EACH COULD OBSERVE WHAT THE OTHER WAS GETTING IN RETURN FOR ITS ROCK, THEIR BEHAVIOUR BECAME MARKEDLY DIFFERENT. IN THE WORLD OF CAPUCHINS, GRAPES ARE LUXURY GOODS ( ARE MUCH PREFERABLE TO CUCUMBERS).SO WHEN【T20】______, THE SECOND WAS RELUCTANT TO HAND HERS OVER FOR A MEREPIECE OF CUCUMBER.AND IF ONE RECEIVED A GRAPE WITHOUT HAVING TO PROVIDE HER TOKEN IN EXCHANGE AT ALL, THE OTHER EITHER TOSSED HER OWN TOKEN AT THE RESEARCHER OR OUT OF THE CHAMBER , OR REFUSED TO ACCEPT THE SLICE OF CUCUMBER.INDEED, THE MERE PRESENCE OF A GRAPE IN THE OTHER CHAMBER (WITHOUT AN ACTUAL MONKEY TO EAT IT) WAS ENOUGH TO INDUCE RESENTMENT IN A FEMALE CAPUCHIN.

未分类题【T10】A.SOLVE B.DISTINGUISH C.INTERACT A.WOULD THAT CHANGE THE WAY HUMANS【T7】______WITH THEM B.ONE PARROT CAN【T8】______FIVE OBJECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES C.ALLOWED HER TO【T9】______A NEW PROBLEM WHEN JUDGING ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE, SCIENTISTS LOOK FOR INSIGHT, WHICH THEY DEFINE AS A FLASH OF SUDDEN UNDERSTANDING.WHEN A YOUNG GORILLA COULD NOT REACH FRUIT FROM A TREE, SHE NOTICED CRATES SCATTERED ABOUT THE LAWN, PILED THEM AND THEN CLIMBED ON THEM TO REACH HERREWARD.THE GORILLA'S INSIGHT【T10】______WITHOUT TRIAL AND ERROR.THE ABILITY TO USETOOLS IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT SIGN OF INTELLIGENCE.CROWS USE STICKS TO PRY PEANUTS OUT OF CRACKS.THE CROW EXHIBITS INTELLIGENCE BY SHOWING IT HAS LEARNED WHAT A STICK CAN DO.LIKEWISE, OTTERS USE ROCKS TO CRACK OPEN CRAB AND, IN A SERIES OF COMPLEX MOVES, CHIMPANZEES HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO USE STICKS TO GET AT FAVORITE SNACK-TERMITES. MANY ANIMALS HAVE LEARNED TO COMMUNICATE USING HUMAN LANGUAGE.SOME PRIMATES HAVE LEARNED HUNDREDS OF WORDS IN SIGN LANGUAGE.ONE CHIMP CAN RECOGNIZE AND CORRECTLY USE MORE THAN 250 ABSTRACT SYMBOLSON A KEYBOARD AND 【T11】______AND CAN UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NUMBERS,COLORS, AND KINDS OF OBJECT. THE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE RAISES IMPORTANT QUESTIONS.IF ANIMALS ARE SMARTERTHAN ONCE THOUGHT,【T12】______? WOULD HUMANS STOP HUNTING THEM FOR SPORT OR SURVIVAL? WOULD ANIMALS STILL BE USED FOR FOOD OR CLOTHING OR MEDICAL EXPERIMENTATION? FINDING THE ANSWER TO THESE TOUGH QUESTIONS MAKES A DIFFICULT PUZZLE EVEN FOR.A LARGE-BRAINED, PROBLEM-SOLVING SPECIES LIKE OUR OWN.

未分类题【T2】A.RESOURCEFULLY B.WHAT C INCLINED A.HE GRAPPLES WITH IT BOLDLY, IMAGINATIVELY,【T1】______, AND IF NOT CONFIDENTLY, AT LEAST HOPEFULLY B.WE DON'T KNOW【T2】______TO DO C.MORE【T3】______TO LIVE IN A WORLD OF FANTASY WHEN WE TALK ABOUT INTELLIGENCE, WE DO NOT MEAN THE ABILITY TO GET A GOOD SCORE ON A CERTAIN KIND OF TEST, OR EVEN THE ABILITY TO DO WELL IN SCHOOL.BY INTELLIGENCE WE MEAN A STYLE. OF LIFE, A LIFE, A WAY OF BEHAVING IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS.THE TRUE TEST OF INTELLIGENCE IS NOT HOW MUCH WE KNOW HOW TO DO, BUT HOW WE BEHAVE WHEN【T4】______. THE INTELLIGENT PERSON, YOUNG OR OLD, MEETING A NEW SITUATION OR PROBLEM, OPENS HIMSELF UP TO IT.HE TRIES TO TAKE IN WITH MIND AND SENSES EVERYTHING HE CAN ABOUT IT. HE THINKS ABOUT IT, INSTEAD OF ABOUT HIMSELF OR WHAT IT MIGHT CAUSE TO HAPPEN TO HIM.【T5】______; IF HE FAILS TO MASTER IT,HE LOOKS WITHOUT FEAR OR SHAME AT HIS MISTAKES ANDLEARNS WHAT HE CAN FROM THEM.THIS IS INTELLIGENCE.CLEARLY ITS ROOTS LIE IN A CERTAIN FEELING ABOUT LIFE, AND ONE'S SELF WITH RESPECT TO LIFE.JUST AS CLEARLY, UNINTELLIGENCE IS NOT WHAT MOST PSYCHOLOGISTS SEEM TO SUPPOSE, THE SAME THING AS INTELLIGENCE, ONLY LESS OF IT.IT IS AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT STYLE. OF BEHAVIOR, ARISING OUT OF ENTIRELY DIFFERENT SET OF ATTITUDES. YEARS OF WATCHING AND COMPARING BRIGHT CHILDREN WITH THE NOT-BRIGHT, OR LESS BRIGHT, HAVE SHOWN THAT THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE.THE BRIGHT CHILD IS CURIOUS ABOUT LIFE AND REALITY, EAGER TO GET IN TOUCH WITH IT, EMBRACE IT, UNITE HIMSELF WITH IT.THERE IS NO WALL, NO BARRIER, BETWEEN HIMSELF AND LIFE.ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DULL CHILD IS FAR LESS CURIOUS, FAR LESS INTERESTED IN WHAT GOES ON AND WHAT IS REAL,【T6】______.THE BRIGHTCHILD LIKES TO EXPERIMENT, TO TRY THINGS OUT.HE LIVES BY THE MAXIM THAT THERE IS MORE THAN ONE WAY TO SKIN A CAT.IF HE CAN'T DO SOMETHING ONE WAY, HE'LL TRY ANOTHER. THE DULL CHILD IS USUALLY AFRAID TO TRY AT ALL.IT TAKES A GREAT DEAL OF URGING TO GET HIM TO TRY EVEN ONCE; IF THAT TRY FAILS, HE IS THROUGH.此题为多项选择题。

未分类题【T4】A.RESOURCEFULLY B.WHAT C INCLINED A.HE GRAPPLES WITH IT BOLDLY, IMAGINATIVELY,【T1】______, AND IF NOT CONFIDENTLY, AT LEAST HOPEFULLY B.WE DON'T KNOW【T2】______TO DO C.MORE【T3】______TO LIVE IN A WORLD OF FANTASY WHEN WE TALK ABOUT INTELLIGENCE, WE DO NOT MEAN THE ABILITY TO GET A GOOD SCORE ON A CERTAIN KIND OF TEST, OR EVEN THE ABILITY TO DO WELL IN SCHOOL.BY INTELLIGENCE WE MEAN A STYLE. OF LIFE, A LIFE, A WAY OF BEHAVING IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS.THE TRUE TEST OF INTELLIGENCE IS NOT HOW MUCH WE KNOW HOW TO DO, BUT HOW WE BEHAVE WHEN【T4】______. THE INTELLIGENT PERSON, YOUNG OR OLD, MEETING A NEW SITUATION OR PROBLEM, OPENS HIMSELF UP TO IT.HE TRIES TO TAKE IN WITH MIND AND SENSES EVERYTHING HE CAN ABOUT IT. HE THINKS ABOUT IT, INSTEAD OF ABOUT HIMSELF OR WHAT IT MIGHT CAUSE TO HAPPEN TO HIM.【T5】______; IF HE FAILS TO MASTER IT,HE LOOKS WITHOUT FEAR OR SHAME AT HIS MISTAKES ANDLEARNS WHAT HE CAN FROM THEM.THIS IS INTELLIGENCE.CLEARLY ITS ROOTS LIE IN A CERTAIN FEELING ABOUT LIFE, AND ONE'S SELF WITH RESPECT TO LIFE.JUST AS CLEARLY, UNINTELLIGENCE IS NOT WHAT MOST PSYCHOLOGISTS SEEM TO SUPPOSE, THE SAME THING AS INTELLIGENCE, ONLY LESS OF IT.IT IS AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT STYLE. OF BEHAVIOR, ARISING OUT OF ENTIRELY DIFFERENT SET OF ATTITUDES. YEARS OF WATCHING AND COMPARING BRIGHT CHILDREN WITH THE NOT-BRIGHT, OR LESS BRIGHT, HAVE SHOWN THAT THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE.THE BRIGHT CHILD IS CURIOUS ABOUT LIFE AND REALITY, EAGER TO GET IN TOUCH WITH IT, EMBRACE IT, UNITE HIMSELF WITH IT.THERE IS NO WALL, NO BARRIER, BETWEEN HIMSELF AND LIFE.ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DULL CHILD IS FAR LESS CURIOUS, FAR LESS INTERESTED IN WHAT GOES ON AND WHAT IS REAL,【T6】______.THE BRIGHTCHILD LIKES TO EXPERIMENT, TO TRY THINGS OUT.HE LIVES BY THE MAXIM THAT THERE IS MORE THAN ONE WAY TO SKIN A CAT.IF HE CAN'T DO SOMETHING ONE WAY, HE'LL TRY ANOTHER. THE DULL CHILD IS USUALLY AFRAID TO TRY AT ALL.IT TAKES A GREAT DEAL OF URGING TO GET HIM TO TRY EVEN ONCE; IF THAT TRY FAILS, HE IS THROUGH.

未分类题【T5】A.RESOURCEFULLY B.WHAT C INCLINED A.HE GRAPPLES WITH IT BOLDLY, IMAGINATIVELY,【T1】______, AND IF NOT CONFIDENTLY, AT LEAST HOPEFULLY B.WE DON'T KNOW【T2】______TO DO C.MORE【T3】______TO LIVE IN A WORLD OF FANTASY WHEN WE TALK ABOUT INTELLIGENCE, WE DO NOT MEAN THE ABILITY TO GET A GOOD SCORE ON A CERTAIN KIND OF TEST, OR EVEN THE ABILITY TO DO WELL IN SCHOOL.BY INTELLIGENCE WE MEAN A STYLE. OF LIFE, A LIFE, A WAY OF BEHAVING IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS.THE TRUE TEST OF INTELLIGENCE IS NOT HOW MUCH WE KNOW HOW TO DO, BUT HOW WE BEHAVE WHEN【T4】______. THE INTELLIGENT PERSON, YOUNG OR OLD, MEETING A NEW SITUATION OR PROBLEM, OPENS HIMSELF UP TO IT.HE TRIES TO TAKE IN WITH MIND AND SENSES EVERYTHING HE CAN ABOUT IT. HE THINKS ABOUT IT, INSTEAD OF ABOUT HIMSELF OR WHAT IT MIGHT CAUSE TO HAPPEN TO HIM.【T5】______; IF HE FAILS TO MASTER IT,HE LOOKS WITHOUT FEAR OR SHAME AT HIS MISTAKES ANDLEARNS WHAT HE CAN FROM THEM.THIS IS INTELLIGENCE.CLEARLY ITS ROOTS LIE IN A CERTAIN FEELING ABOUT LIFE, AND ONE'S SELF WITH RESPECT TO LIFE.JUST AS CLEARLY, UNINTELLIGENCE IS NOT WHAT MOST PSYCHOLOGISTS SEEM TO SUPPOSE, THE SAME THING AS INTELLIGENCE, ONLY LESS OF IT.IT IS AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT STYLE. OF BEHAVIOR, ARISING OUT OF ENTIRELY DIFFERENT SET OF ATTITUDES. YEARS OF WATCHING AND COMPARING BRIGHT CHILDREN WITH THE NOT-BRIGHT, OR LESS BRIGHT, HAVE SHOWN THAT THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE.THE BRIGHT CHILD IS CURIOUS ABOUT LIFE AND REALITY, EAGER TO GET IN TOUCH WITH IT, EMBRACE IT, UNITE HIMSELF WITH IT.THERE IS NO WALL, NO BARRIER, BETWEEN HIMSELF AND LIFE.ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DULL CHILD IS FAR LESS CURIOUS, FAR LESS INTERESTED IN WHAT GOES ON AND WHAT IS REAL,【T6】______.THE BRIGHTCHILD LIKES TO EXPERIMENT, TO TRY THINGS OUT.HE LIVES BY THE MAXIM THAT THERE IS MORE THAN ONE WAY TO SKIN A CAT.IF HE CAN'T DO SOMETHING ONE WAY, HE'LL TRY ANOTHER. THE DULL CHILD IS USUALLY AFRAID TO TRY AT ALL.IT TAKES A GREAT DEAL OF URGING TO GET HIM TO TRY EVEN ONCE; IF THAT TRY FAILS, HE IS THROUGH.

未分类题【T6】A.RESOURCEFULLY B.WHAT C INCLINED A.HE GRAPPLES WITH IT BOLDLY, IMAGINATIVELY,【T1】______, AND IF NOT CONFIDENTLY, AT LEAST HOPEFULLY B.WE DON'T KNOW【T2】______TO DO C.MORE【T3】______TO LIVE IN A WORLD OF FANTASY WHEN WE TALK ABOUT INTELLIGENCE, WE DO NOT MEAN THE ABILITY TO GET A GOOD SCORE ON A CERTAIN KIND OF TEST, OR EVEN THE ABILITY TO DO WELL IN SCHOOL.BY INTELLIGENCE WE MEAN A STYLE. OF LIFE, A LIFE, A WAY OF BEHAVING IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS.THE TRUE TEST OF INTELLIGENCE IS NOT HOW MUCH WE KNOW HOW TO DO, BUT HOW WE BEHAVE WHEN【T4】______. THE INTELLIGENT PERSON, YOUNG OR OLD, MEETING A NEW SITUATION OR PROBLEM, OPENS HIMSELF UP TO IT.HE TRIES TO TAKE IN WITH MIND AND SENSES EVERYTHING HE CAN ABOUT IT. HE THINKS ABOUT IT, INSTEAD OF ABOUT HIMSELF OR WHAT IT MIGHT CAUSE TO HAPPEN TO HIM.【T5】______; IF HE FAILS TO MASTER IT,HE LOOKS WITHOUT FEAR OR SHAME AT HIS MISTAKES ANDLEARNS WHAT HE CAN FROM THEM.THIS IS INTELLIGENCE.CLEARLY ITS ROOTS LIE IN A CERTAIN FEELING ABOUT LIFE, AND ONE'S SELF WITH RESPECT TO LIFE.JUST AS CLEARLY, UNINTELLIGENCE IS NOT WHAT MOST PSYCHOLOGISTS SEEM TO SUPPOSE, THE SAME THING AS INTELLIGENCE, ONLY LESS OF IT.IT IS AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT STYLE. OF BEHAVIOR, ARISING OUT OF ENTIRELY DIFFERENT SET OF ATTITUDES. YEARS OF WATCHING AND COMPARING BRIGHT CHILDREN WITH THE NOT-BRIGHT, OR LESS BRIGHT, HAVE SHOWN THAT THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE.THE BRIGHT CHILD IS CURIOUS ABOUT LIFE AND REALITY, EAGER TO GET IN TOUCH WITH IT, EMBRACE IT, UNITE HIMSELF WITH IT.THERE IS NO WALL, NO BARRIER, BETWEEN HIMSELF AND LIFE.ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DULL CHILD IS FAR LESS CURIOUS, FAR LESS INTERESTED IN WHAT GOES ON AND WHAT IS REAL,【T6】______.THE BRIGHTCHILD LIKES TO EXPERIMENT, TO TRY THINGS OUT.HE LIVES BY THE MAXIM THAT THERE IS MORE THAN ONE WAY TO SKIN A CAT.IF HE CAN'T DO SOMETHING ONE WAY, HE'LL TRY ANOTHER. THE DULL CHILD IS USUALLY AFRAID TO TRY AT ALL.IT TAKES A GREAT DEAL OF URGING TO GET HIM TO TRY EVEN ONCE; IF THAT TRY FAILS, HE IS THROUGH.

未分类题【T8】A.SOLVE B.DISTINGUISH C.INTERACT A.WOULD THAT CHANGE THE WAY HUMANS【T7】______WITH THEM B.ONE PARROT CAN【T8】______FIVE OBJECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES C.ALLOWED HER TO【T9】______A NEW PROBLEM WHEN JUDGING ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE, SCIENTISTS LOOK FOR INSIGHT, WHICH THEY DEFINE AS A FLASH OF SUDDEN UNDERSTANDING.WHEN A YOUNG GORILLA COULD NOT REACH FRUIT FROM A TREE, SHE NOTICED CRATES SCATTERED ABOUT THE LAWN, PILED THEM AND THEN CLIMBED ON THEM TO REACH HERREWARD.THE GORILLA'S INSIGHT【T10】______WITHOUT TRIAL AND ERROR.THE ABILITY TO USETOOLS IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT SIGN OF INTELLIGENCE.CROWS USE STICKS TO PRY PEANUTS OUT OF CRACKS.THE CROW EXHIBITS INTELLIGENCE BY SHOWING IT HAS LEARNED WHAT A STICK CAN DO.LIKEWISE, OTTERS USE ROCKS TO CRACK OPEN CRAB AND, IN A SERIES OF COMPLEX MOVES, CHIMPANZEES HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO USE STICKS TO GET AT FAVORITE SNACK-TERMITES. MANY ANIMALS HAVE LEARNED TO COMMUNICATE USING HUMAN LANGUAGE.SOME PRIMATES HAVE LEARNED HUNDREDS OF WORDS IN SIGN LANGUAGE.ONE CHIMP CAN RECOGNIZE AND CORRECTLY USE MORE THAN 250 ABSTRACT SYMBOLSON A KEYBOARD AND 【T11】______AND CAN UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NUMBERS,COLORS, AND KINDS OF OBJECT. THE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE RAISES IMPORTANT QUESTIONS.IF ANIMALS ARE SMARTERTHAN ONCE THOUGHT,【T12】______? WOULD HUMANS STOP HUNTING THEM FOR SPORT OR SURVIVAL? WOULD ANIMALS STILL BE USED FOR FOOD OR CLOTHING OR MEDICAL EXPERIMENTATION? FINDING THE ANSWER TO THESE TOUGH QUESTIONS MAKES A DIFFICULT PUZZLE EVEN FOR.A LARGE-BRAINED, PROBLEM-SOLVING SPECIES LIKE OUR OWN.此题为多项选择题。

未分类题In the second sentence of the first paragraph, the word 'capitalize' means______.A．investB．benefitC．make profitD．gain

未分类题【C4】A．do notB．had notC．didD．have

未分类题【C9】A．Even ifB．UnlessC．HoweverD．As long as

未分类题【A1】A.CALLING FOR AN OPEN-MINDED CONSIDERATION OF THE ISSUE B.LESSONS FROM THE PAST C.VARIOUS IMPLICATIONS IMAGINED D.AN EXPECTED ATTACK FROM THOSE STANDING ON THE NATURAL AND RELIGIOUS GROUND E.A NO-NO TO HUMANS IN FEBRUARY 1997, MY COLLEAGUES AND I ANNOUNCED THE ARRIVAL OF DOLLY THE SHEEP, THE FIRST MAMMAL CLONED FROM AN ADULT CELL.THE REACTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY WAS, ON THE WHOLE, FRIENDLY, IF SOMEWHAT INCREDULOUS.IN CONTRAST, THE PUBLIC'S REACTION WAS EXTREMELY NEGATIVE, PRIMED PARTLY BY A MEDIA WEANED ON A DIET OF CLONING SCARE STORIES AND PULP FICTION. 【A1】______ THE ISSUE WAS NOT THAT THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY CREATED AN ABOMINATION, A FREAK ANIMAL; AFTER ALL, DOLLY WAS, AND REMAINS, A RATHER HANDSOME SHEEP.IT WAS THE FEAR THAT THE TECHNIQUES COULD, AND SOME SAID WOULD, BE APPLIED TO HUMANS THAT PROVOKED THE FRENZIED DEBATE. 【A2】______ THE FIRST OLD CHESTNUT RAISED WAS THAT THERE WOULD BE THE CLONING OF DICTATORS, FOLLOWED BY THESE POSSIBILITIES, POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE:CELEBRITY CLONING, SELF- CLONING, THE PRE-SELECTION OF CITIZENS BY THE STATE WITH ITS ECHOES OF ALDOUS HUXLEY'S FUTURISTIC NOVEL BRAVE NEW WORLD, THE REINCARNATION OF DEAD LOVED ONES, TREATMENT FOR INFERTILE COUPLES, A ROUTE TO AVOID PARENTAL GENETIC DISEASE BEING PASSED ON TO CHILDREN AND A WAY TO CURE TERMINAL ILLNESS. 【A3】______ ENOUGH TIME HAS PASSED SINCE DOLLY'S ARRIVAL FOR A SOBER, THOROUGH REASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR HUMAN CLONING AND WHAT IT IS ABOUT SUCH CLONING THAT CAUSES PEOPLE FEAR AND CONCERN. 【A4】______ MANY PEOPLE HAD A GENUINE GUT REACTION TO NEWS OF DOLLY, AND THAT APPARENTLY REMAINS UNDIMINISHED IN ITS INTENSITY.AN AFFRONT TO NATURE, A BLASPHEMY, MAN PLAYING GOD —SUCH COMMENTS WERE OFTEN MADE.BUT WE SHOULD RECOGNIZE THAT HUMAN REPRODUCTION IS A SENSITIVE TOPIC AND A NEW METHOD THAT HAS AN IMPACT ON HUMAN REPRODUCTION WILL ALWAYS BE GREETED WITH FEAR AND REVULSION BY THE MAJORITY WHO HAVE NO PROBLEMS PROCREATING. 【A5】______ THE TECHNIQUES OF DONOR SPERM INSEMINATION AND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION, INTRODUCED IN THE 1950S AND 1970S RESPECTIVELY, WERE MET WITH GREAT HOSTILITY AND THREATS OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION IN SOME COUNTRIES.THAT HOSTILITY MODERATED OVER THE YEARS AS SOME EARLY FEARS EVAPORATED, AND GREAT JOY WAS BROUGHT TO SOME COUPLES.BUT CONTROVERSY REMAINS IN THE VERY LOW SUCCESS RATES IN IVF, AND IN THE DISPUTES THAT CAN ARISE OVER LEGAL PATERNITY BETWEEN A CHILD'S BIOLOGICAL AND NON-BIOLOGICAL PARENTS.ALTHOUGH HUMAN CLONING WOULD FURTHER COMPLICATE THE LEGAL ISSUES,THIS IS NOT GROUND FOR BANNING IT. CHARGES THAT MAN IS 'PLAYING GOD' BY CONTROLLING NATURE ARE EASILY DISMISSED BECAUSE, FOR AS LONG AS HE HAS BEEN ABLE TO INTERVENE IN NATURE, MAN HAS BEEN 'PLAYING GOD'.MEDICAL PRACTICE IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE.AS TO THE CLONING OF DICTATORS AND CELEBRITIES, OR THE MANUFACTURE OF A 'SUPER RACE', WE ALL UNDERSTAND THAT GENETIC IDENTITY DOES NOT GUARANTEE IDENTICAL PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOR.THESE USES, ALONG WITH THE CLONING OF DEAD LOVED ONES, ARE UNETHICAL:THEY INEVITABLY DIMINISH THE NEW INDIVIDUAL'S SENSE OF ESTEEM AND IDENTITY BECAUSE THEY MAY CONSIDER THEMSELVES TO BE THE PRODUCT OF AN ASSEMBLY LINE.

未分类题【A3】A.CALLING FOR AN OPEN-MINDED CONSIDERATION OF THE ISSUE B.LESSONS FROM THE PAST C.VARIOUS IMPLICATIONS IMAGINED D.AN EXPECTED ATTACK FROM THOSE STANDING ON THE NATURAL AND RELIGIOUS GROUND E.A NO-NO TO HUMANS IN FEBRUARY 1997, MY COLLEAGUES AND I ANNOUNCED THE ARRIVAL OF DOLLY THE SHEEP, THE FIRST MAMMAL CLONED FROM AN ADULT CELL.THE REACTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY WAS, ON THE WHOLE, FRIENDLY, IF SOMEWHAT INCREDULOUS.IN CONTRAST, THE PUBLIC'S REACTION WAS EXTREMELY NEGATIVE, PRIMED PARTLY BY A MEDIA WEANED ON A DIET OF CLONING SCARE STORIES AND PULP FICTION. 【A1】______ THE ISSUE WAS NOT THAT THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY CREATED AN ABOMINATION, A FREAK ANIMAL; AFTER ALL, DOLLY WAS, AND REMAINS, A RATHER HANDSOME SHEEP.IT WAS THE FEAR THAT THE TECHNIQUES COULD, AND SOME SAID WOULD, BE APPLIED TO HUMANS THAT PROVOKED THE FRENZIED DEBATE. 【A2】______ THE FIRST OLD CHESTNUT RAISED WAS THAT THERE WOULD BE THE CLONING OF DICTATORS, FOLLOWED BY THESE POSSIBILITIES, POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE:CELEBRITY CLONING, SELF- CLONING, THE PRE-SELECTION OF CITIZENS BY THE STATE WITH ITS ECHOES OF ALDOUS HUXLEY'S FUTURISTIC NOVEL BRAVE NEW WORLD, THE REINCARNATION OF DEAD LOVED ONES, TREATMENT FOR INFERTILE COUPLES, A ROUTE TO AVOID PARENTAL GENETIC DISEASE BEING PASSED ON TO CHILDREN AND A WAY TO CURE TERMINAL ILLNESS. 【A3】______ ENOUGH TIME HAS PASSED SINCE DOLLY'S ARRIVAL FOR A SOBER, THOROUGH REASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR HUMAN CLONING AND WHAT IT IS ABOUT SUCH CLONING THAT CAUSES PEOPLE FEAR AND CONCERN. 【A4】______ MANY PEOPLE HAD A GENUINE GUT REACTION TO NEWS OF DOLLY, AND THAT APPARENTLY REMAINS UNDIMINISHED IN ITS INTENSITY.AN AFFRONT TO NATURE, A BLASPHEMY, MAN PLAYING GOD —SUCH COMMENTS WERE OFTEN MADE.BUT WE SHOULD RECOGNIZE THAT HUMAN REPRODUCTION IS A SENSITIVE TOPIC AND A NEW METHOD THAT HAS AN IMPACT ON HUMAN REPRODUCTION WILL ALWAYS BE GREETED WITH FEAR AND REVULSION BY THE MAJORITY WHO HAVE NO PROBLEMS PROCREATING. 【A5】______ THE TECHNIQUES OF DONOR SPERM INSEMINATION AND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION, INTRODUCED IN THE 1950S AND 1970S RESPECTIVELY, WERE MET WITH GREAT HOSTILITY AND THREATS OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION IN SOME COUNTRIES.THAT HOSTILITY MODERATED OVER THE YEARS AS SOME EARLY FEARS EVAPORATED, AND GREAT JOY WAS BROUGHT TO SOME COUPLES.BUT CONTROVERSY REMAINS IN THE VERY LOW SUCCESS RATES IN IVF, AND IN THE DISPUTES THAT CAN ARISE OVER LEGAL PATERNITY BETWEEN A CHILD'S BIOLOGICAL AND NON-BIOLOGICAL PARENTS.ALTHOUGH HUMAN CLONING WOULD FURTHER COMPLICATE THE LEGAL ISSUES,THIS IS NOT GROUND FOR BANNING IT. CHARGES THAT MAN IS 'PLAYING GOD' BY CONTROLLING NATURE ARE EASILY DISMISSED BECAUSE, FOR AS LONG AS HE HAS BEEN ABLE TO INTERVENE IN NATURE, MAN HAS BEEN 'PLAYING GOD'.MEDICAL PRACTICE IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE.AS TO THE CLONING OF DICTATORS AND CELEBRITIES, OR THE MANUFACTURE OF A 'SUPER RACE', WE ALL UNDERSTAND THAT GENETIC IDENTITY DOES NOT GUARANTEE IDENTICAL PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOR.THESE USES, ALONG WITH THE CLONING OF DEAD LOVED ONES, ARE UNETHICAL:THEY INEVITABLY DIMINISH THE NEW INDIVIDUAL'S SENSE OF ESTEEM AND IDENTITY BECAUSE THEY MAY CONSIDER THEMSELVES TO BE THE PRODUCT OF AN ASSEMBLY LINE.

未分类题【T7】A.THREATENS B.FOR C.HEALTHIER A.A GOVERNMENT WITH FINITE RESOURCES SHOULD SIMPLY STOP PAYING【T7】_______MEDICAL CARE B.OUR FAILURE TO CONFRONT THAT REALITY NOW【T8】_______THIS GREATNESS OF OURS C.SO THAT YOUNGER,【T9】_______ PEOPLE CAN REALIZE THEIR POTENTIAL IT IS SAID THAT IN ENGLAND DEATH IS PRESSING, IN CANADA INEVITABLE AND IN CALIFORNIA OPTIONAL.SMALL WONDER.AMERICANS' LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS NEARLY DOUBLED OVER THE PAST CENTURY.FAILING HIPS CAN BE REPLACED, CATARACTS REMOVED IN A 30-MINUTES SURGICAL PROCEDURE.SUCH ADVANCES OFFER THE AGING POPULATION A QUALITY OF LIFE THAT WAS UNIMAGINABLE WHEN I ENTERED MEDICINE 50 YEARS AGO.BUT NOT EVEN A GREAT HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM CAN CURE DEATH, AND【T10】______ DEATH IS NORMAL; WE ARE GENETICALLY PROGRAMMED TO DISINTEGRATE AND PERISH, EVEN UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS.WE ALL UNDERSTAND THAT AT SOME LEVEL, YET AS MEDICAL CONSUMERS WE TREAT DEATH AS A PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED.SHIELDED BY THIRD-PARTY PAYERS FROM THE COST OF OUR CARE, WE DEMAND EVERYTHING THAT CAN POSSIBLY BE DONE FOR US, EVEN IF IT'S USELESS.THE MOST OBVIOUS EXAMPLE IS LATE-STAGE CANCER CARE.PHYSICIANS—FRUSTRATED BY THEIR INABILITY TO CURE THE DISEASE AND FEARING LOSS OF HOPE IN THE PATIENT—TOO OFTEN OFFER AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT FAR BEYOND WHAT IS SCIENTIFICALLY JUSTIFIED. IN 1950, THE U.S.SPENT $12.7 BILLION ON HEALTH CARE.IN 2002, THE COST WILL BE $1,540 BILLION.ANYONE CAN SEE THIS TREND IS UNSUSTAINABLE.YET FEW SEEM WILLING TO TRY TOREVERSE IT.SOME SCHOLARS CONCLUDE THAT【T11】______THAT SUSTAINS LIFE BEYOND A CERTAINAGE—SAY 83 OR SO.FORMER COLORADO GOVERNOR RICHARD LAMM HAS BEEN QUOTED AS SAYING THAT THE OLD AND INFIRM 'HAVE A DUTY TO DIE AND GET OUT OF THE WAY',【T12】______.此题为多项选择题。

未分类题【T1】A.ACCOUNTED FOR B.FOR C.GROUNDS A.RAILROADS JUSTIFY RATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ON THE 【T1】______THAT B.ANOTHER RAILROAD IS COMPETING【T2】______THE BUSINESS C.THE TOP FOUR RAILROADS【T3】_______UNDER 70 PERCENT IN RECENT YEARS, RAILROADS HAVE BEEN COMBINING WITH EACH OTHER, MERGING INTO SUPER SYSTEMS, CAUSING HEIGHTENED CONCERNS ABOUT MONOPOLY.AS RECENTLY AS 1995,【T4】______OF THE TOTAL TON-MILES MOVED BY RAILS.NEXT YEAR, AFTER A SERIES OF MERGERS IS COMPLETED, JUST FOUR RAILROADS WILL CONTROL WELL OVER 90 PERCENT OF ALL THE FREIGHT MOVED BY MAJOR RAIL CARRIERS. SUPPORTERS OF THE NEW SUPER SYSTEMS ARGUE THAT THESE MERGERS WILL ALLOW FOR SUBSTANTIAL COST REDUCTIONS AND BETTER COORDINATED SERVICE.ANY THREAT OF MONOPOLY, THEY ARGUE, IS REMOVED BY FIERCE COMPETITION FROM TRUCKS.BUT MANY SHIPPERS COMPLAIN THAT FOR HEAVY BULK COMMODITIES TRAVELING LONG DISTANCES, SUCH AS COAL, CHEMICALS, AND GRAIN, TRUCKING IS TOO COSTLY AND THE RAILROADS THEREFORE HAVE THEM BY THE THROAT. THE VAST CONSOLIDATION WITHIN THE RAIL INDUSTRY MEANS THAT MOST SHIPPERS ARE SERVED BY ONLY ONE RAIL COMPANY.RAILROADS TYPICALLY CHARGE SUCH 'CAPTIVE' SHIPPERS 20 TO 30 PERCENTMORE THAN THEY DO WHEN【T5】______.SHIPPERS WHO FEEL THEY ARE BEING OVERCHARGED HAVETHE RIGHT TO APPEAL TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD FOR RATE RELIEF, BUT THE PROCESS IS EXPENSIVE, TIME CONSUMING, AND WILL WORK ONLY IN TRULY EXTREME CASES. 【T6】______IN THE LONG RUN IT REDUCES EVERYONE'S COST.IF RAILROADS CHARGED ALL CUSTOMERS THE SAME AVERAGE RATE, THEY ARGUE, SHIPPERS WHO HAVE THE OPTION OF SWITCHING TO TRUCKS OR OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD DO SO, LEAVING REMAINING CUSTOMERS TO SHOULDER THE COST OF KEEPING UP THE LINE.IT'S THEORY TO WHICH MANY ECONOMISTS SUBSCRIBE, BUT IN PRACTICE IT OFTEN LEAVES RAILROADS IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING WHICH COMPANIES WILL FLOURISH AND WHICH WILL FAIL.'DO WE REALLY WANT RAILROADS TO BE THE ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND WHO LOSES IN THE MARKETPLACE?' ASKS MARTIN BERCOVICI, A WASHINGTON LAWYER WHO FREQUENTLY REPRESENTS SHIPPER.此题为多项选择题。

未分类题【T10】A.THREATENS B.FOR C.HEALTHIER A.A GOVERNMENT WITH FINITE RESOURCES SHOULD SIMPLY STOP PAYING【T7】_______MEDICAL CARE B.OUR FAILURE TO CONFRONT THAT REALITY NOW【T8】_______THIS GREATNESS OF OURS C.SO THAT YOUNGER,【T9】_______ PEOPLE CAN REALIZE THEIR POTENTIAL IT IS SAID THAT IN ENGLAND DEATH IS PRESSING, IN CANADA INEVITABLE AND IN CALIFORNIA OPTIONAL.SMALL WONDER.AMERICANS' LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS NEARLY DOUBLED OVER THE PAST CENTURY.FAILING HIPS CAN BE REPLACED, CATARACTS REMOVED IN A 30-MINUTES SURGICAL PROCEDURE.SUCH ADVANCES OFFER THE AGING POPULATION A QUALITY OF LIFE THAT WAS UNIMAGINABLE WHEN I ENTERED MEDICINE 50 YEARS AGO.BUT NOT EVEN A GREAT HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM CAN CURE DEATH, AND【T10】______ DEATH IS NORMAL; WE ARE GENETICALLY PROGRAMMED TO DISINTEGRATE AND PERISH, EVEN UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS.WE ALL UNDERSTAND THAT AT SOME LEVEL, YET AS MEDICAL CONSUMERS WE TREAT DEATH AS A PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED.SHIELDED BY THIRD-PARTY PAYERS FROM THE COST OF OUR CARE, WE DEMAND EVERYTHING THAT CAN POSSIBLY BE DONE FOR US, EVEN IF IT'S USELESS.THE MOST OBVIOUS EXAMPLE IS LATE-STAGE CANCER CARE.PHYSICIANS—FRUSTRATED BY THEIR INABILITY TO CURE THE DISEASE AND FEARING LOSS OF HOPE IN THE PATIENT—TOO OFTEN OFFER AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT FAR BEYOND WHAT IS SCIENTIFICALLY JUSTIFIED. IN 1950, THE U.S.SPENT $12.7 BILLION ON HEALTH CARE.IN 2002, THE COST WILL BE $1,540 BILLION.ANYONE CAN SEE THIS TREND IS UNSUSTAINABLE.YET FEW SEEM WILLING TO TRY TOREVERSE IT.SOME SCHOLARS CONCLUDE THAT【T11】______THAT SUSTAINS LIFE BEYOND A CERTAINAGE—SAY 83 OR SO.FORMER COLORADO GOVERNOR RICHARD LAMM HAS BEEN QUOTED AS SAYING THAT THE OLD AND INFIRM 'HAVE A DUTY TO DIE AND GET OUT OF THE WAY',【T12】______.