Under normal conditions, the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols that mean the same to the sender and the receiver.
The means of communication are too numerous and varied for systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing, and touching seem to play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of sings and symbols.
Examples of visual communication are gesture and imitation. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf, and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, or flashing light. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of hand-stroking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form. of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.
The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.
1、Reception of communication______ .
A、is more important than sending messages
B、 depends on two persons
C、 involves use of the senses
D、 play only limited roles
2、Applauding is specifically mentioned as an example of ______.
A、communication by sound
B、 gesture and imitation
C、 communication by sending a message
D、 communication between the listener and speaker
3、Persons who cannot see, hear, or speak are able to communicate through ______.
A、gesturing
B、handshaking
C、smelling
D、hand-stroking
4、The author specifically mentions that speech is______
A、often used when other means are impossible
B、necessary for normal communication
C、the only highly developed system of communication
D、the most developed form. of communication based on hearing
5、According to the passage, means of communication _________
A、can develop quickly if there is enough time and space
B、all have the same features
C、have some limitations even if they are fully developed
D、depend on the persons involved

未分类题Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership ( 伙伴关系 ) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫 ) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals ( 珊瑚 ) of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants act as 'dustman', taking some of the waste products form. the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are ever prevented from lighting so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.1、Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ( ).A、they can eat its parasitesB、 they depend on the sheep for existenceC、 they enjoy traveling with the sheepD、 they find the position most comfortable2、The underlined word 'they' in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ( ).A、birds and parasitesB、birds and sheepC、parasites and sheepD、sheep, birds and parasites3、What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ( )A、Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B、 Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C、 Some plants depend on each other for fooD、 Some animals live better together.4、What does this article talk about? ( )A、Two kinds of animals for a partnership.B、Most animals only have connection with animals.C、The connection between the living things.D、Corals have some connection with plants.

未分类题Moscow, Russia (Space news) ——'The computer is a better chess player, insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind (人类), but I just couldn't win', he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorovs disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whomwere so upset that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships (冠军) around the world, since the fun had been taken out of the game. The computer walked——or rather——rolled away with 5 000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and lights.1、Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? ( )A、5 000 dollars goes to a computer!B、New invention : a laughing computer!C、World''s best chess player beaten!D、Computer defeats man in chess!2、How did some of the grand masters feel about the chess game between Prozorov and the computer? ( )A、They thought that the game was not fun.B、They thought that the game wasn''t fair.C、They agreed that Prozorov didn''t play well.D、They were unhappy that the cProzoro didn''t play well.3、What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter ( 痛苦 ) about? ( )A、That he didn''t win the $5 000.B、That he hadn''t tried his best.C、That he had lost to a machine.D、 That this was the end of the chess game.4、After wining the game, the computer( )A、laughedB、walked awayC、made some remarksD、gave out some lights and sounds5、Many chess players felt that playing with a computer would( )A、make the game tougherB、make the game less interestingC、make man appear foolishD、make man lose lots of money

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